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Glycolysis
Stable Identifier
R-HSA-70171
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Homo sapiens)
Glucose metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Glycolysis (Homo sapiens)
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The reactions of glycolysis (e.g., van Wijk and van Solinge 2005) convert glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate. The entire process is cytosolic. Glucose 6-phosphate is reversibly isomerized to form fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the physiologically irreversible phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. In six reversible reactions, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate and two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+. Each molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with ADP to form ATP and pyruvate in a physiologically irreversible reaction. Under aerobic conditions the NADH +H+ can be reoxidized to NAD+ via electron transport to yield additional ATP, while under anaerobic conditions or in cells lacking mitochondria NAD+ can be regenerated via the reduction of pyruvate to lactate.
Literature References
PubMed ID
Title
Journal
Year
16051738
The energy-less red blood cell is lost: erythrocyte enzyme abnormalities of glycolysis
van Wijk, R
,
van Solinge, WW
Blood
2005
Participants
Events
Regulation of Glucokinase by Glucokinase Regulatory Protein
(Homo sapiens)
HK1,2,3,GCK,HKDC1 phosphorylate Glc to form G6P
(Homo sapiens)
ADPGK:Mg2+ phosphorylates Glc to G6P
(Homo sapiens)
alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <=> D-fructose 6-phosphate
(Homo sapiens)
GNPDA1,2 hexamers deaminate GlcN6P to Fru(6)P
(Homo sapiens)
Regulation of glycolysis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism
(Homo sapiens)
D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP => D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP
(Homo sapiens)
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate <=> dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
(Homo sapiens)
dihydroxyacetone phosphate <=> D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
(Homo sapiens)
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + orthophosphate + NAD+ <=> 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+
(Homo sapiens)
BPGM dimer isomerises 1,3BPG to 2,3BPG
(Homo sapiens)
PGM2L1:Mg2+ phosphorylates G6P to G1,6BP
(Homo sapiens)
1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + ADP <=> 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP
(Homo sapiens)
PGP:Mg2+ dimer hydrolyses 3PG to glycerol
(Homo sapiens)
3-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate
(Homo sapiens)
2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
(Homo sapiens)
PKM dephosphorylates PEP to PYR
(Homo sapiens)
Participates
as an event of
Glucose metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Event Information
Go Biological Process
canonical glycolysis (0061621)
Orthologous Events
Glycolysis (Bos taurus)
Glycolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycolysis (Canis familiaris)
Glycolysis (Danio rerio)
Glycolysis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Glycolysis (Drosophila melanogaster)
Glycolysis (Gallus gallus)
Glycolysis (Mus musculus)
Glycolysis (Plasmodium falciparum)
Glycolysis (Rattus norvegicus)
Glycolysis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Glycolysis (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
Glycolysis (Sus scrofa)
Glycolysis (Xenopus tropicalis)
Cross References
BioModels Database
BIOMD0000000579
Authored
Schmidt, EE (2003-01-28)
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