Cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, orthophosphate, and NAD+ to form NADH + H+ and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the first energy rich intermediate of glycolysis. The biochemical details of this reaction were worked out by C and G Cori and their colleagues (Taylor et al. 1948; Cori et al. 1948).
While there are multiple human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like pseudogenes, there is only one glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expressed in somatic tissue (Benham and Povey 1989; Heinz and Freimuller 1982; Ercolani et al. 1988), and studies of aged human erythrocytes suggest that variant forms of the enzyme arise as a result of post-translational modifications (Edwards et al. 1976). There is, however, an authentic second isoform of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase whose expression is confined to spermatogenic cells of the testis (Welch et al. 2000).
Benham, FJ, Povey, S
VELICK, SF, TAYLOR, JF
Cori, CF, Slein, MW, Cori, GT
Eddy, EM, Bunch, DO, Mori, C, O'Brien, DA, Magyar, PL, Welch, JE, Brown, PL
Edwards, YH, Harris, H, Clark, P
Florence, B, Alexander, M, Denaro, M, Ercolani, L
Freimüller, B, Heinz, F
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity of GAPDH tetramers [cytosol]
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