Antimicrobial resistance

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9913143
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
ReviewStatus
3/5
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Antimicrobial resistance
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Resistance of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites) to antimicrobials is one of the most important public health problems. Infection with enterobacteria is treated with antibiotics from four groups (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclins and fluorquinolones). The main resistance mechanisms against these molecules are enzymatic degradation, efflux, inhibition of the drug's binding reaction, or usage of a back up pathway. Resistance against antiseptics and disinfectants is conferred by efflux proteins, biofilm formation or modification of targets (reviewed in Tong et al., 2021). Resistance mechanisms are either acquired by mutation, by horizontal gene transfer, or are already intrinsic to the organism. Participation of the organism in a consortium (like in biofilms) enables additional resistance mechanisms (reviewed in van Acker et al. 2014; van Acker & Coenye 2016; Alav et al., 2021; Aminov & Mackie 2007; Doi et al., 2016; Peterson & Kaur 2018; Urban-Chmiel et al., 2022).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
24598086 Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance and resistance in bacterial and fungal biofilms

Van Acker, H, Van Dijck, P, Coenye, T

Trends Microbiol. 2014
30555448 Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Relationships Between Resistance Determinants of Antibiotic Producers, Environmental Bacteria, and Clinical Pathogens

Peterson, E, Kaur, P

Front Microbiol 2018
27129224 The Role of Efflux and Physiological Adaptation in Biofilm Tolerance and Resistance

Van Acker, H, Coenye, T

J. Biol. Chem. 2016
27208771 Aminoglycoside Resistance: The Emergence of Acquired 16S Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferases

Doi, Y, Wachino, JI, Arakawa, Y

Infect Dis Clin North Am 2016
33617866 Disinfectant resistance in bacteria: Mechanisms, spread, and resolution strategies

Tong, C, Hu, H, Chen, G, Li, Z, Li, A, Zhang, J

Environ Res 2021
17490428 Evolution and ecology of antibiotic resistance genes

Aminov, RI, Mackie, RI

FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2007
33909410 Structure, Assembly, and Function of Tripartite Efflux and Type 1 Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Alav, I, Kobylka, J, Kuth, MS, Pos, KM, Picard, M, Blair, JMA, Bavro, VN

Chem Rev 2021
36009947 Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria-A Review

Urban-Chmiel, R, Marek, A, Stępień-Pyśniak, D, Wieczorek, K, Dec, M, Nowaczek, A, Osek, J

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022
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Go Biological Process
response to antibiotic (0046677)
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Mondo
Authored
Stephan, R  (2024-06-12)
Created
Stephan, R  (2024-06-12)
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