GATA3 and NFATC2 (NFAT1) bind upstream of the IL13 transcription start site (Yao et al. 2010, Kanhere et al. 2012, inferred from mouse homologs in Yamashita et al. 2002, Horiuchi et al. 2011, Wei et al. 2011, Hosokawa et al. 2013). In mice, Gata3, Chd4, and Ep300 form a complex that is bound to a Gata3-binding element located about 1.6 kb upstream of the Il13 gene (Yamashita et al. 2002, Hosokawa et al. 2013). NFATC2 binds to the IL13 promoter (393 to 65 bp upstream of the IL13 transcription start site) and this binding is enhanced by GATA3 expression, suggesting an interaction between GATA3 and NFATC2 (Yao et al. 2010).In humans, the IL4 and IL13 genes are located in the same gene cluster in chromosome region 5q31.1. GATA3 and NFATC2 interact with each other and bind within the IL4 and IL13 region to form a chromatin hub (Yao et al. 2012).