Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-381771
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
nucleoplasm, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, secretory granule lumen, plasma membrane, extracellular region
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
Expand all
General
SVG | 
PNG
Low
Medium
High
 | PPTX  | SBGN
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Click the image above or here to open this pathway in the Pathway Browser
In L cells of the intestine the transcription factors TCF-4 (TCF7L2) and Beta-catenin form a heterodimer and bind the G2 enhancer of the Proglucagon gene GCG,activating its transcription to yield Proglucagon mRNA and, following translation, Proglucagon protein. The prohormone convertase PC1 present in the secretory granules of L cells cleaves Proglucagon at two sites to yield mostly Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7-36) with a small amount of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7-37). Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7-36 and 7-37) (GLP-1) is secreted into the bloodstream in response to glucose, fatty acids, insulin, leptin, gastrin-releasing peptide, cholinergic transmitters, beta-adrenergic transmitters, and peptidergic transmitters. The half-life of GLP-1 in the bloodstream is determined by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, which cleaves 2 amino acids at the amino terminus of GLP-1, rendering it biologically inactive.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
17928588 The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1

Holst, JJ

Physiol Rev 2007
19074620 The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment

Kim, W, Egan, JM

Pharmacol Rev 2008
17263764 Incretins and other peptides in the treatment of diabetes

Todd, JF, Bloom, SR

Diabet Med 2007
11564718 A human cellular model for studying the regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion

Reimer, RA, Darimont, C, Gremlich, S, Nicolas-Métral, V, Rüegg, UT, Macé, K

Endocrinology 2001
17498508 Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP

Baggio, LL, Drucker, DJ

Gastroenterology 2007
1499644 Glucagon-like peptide-1 cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of rat, pig and man

Eissele, R, Göke, R, Willemer, S, Harthus, HP, Vermeer, H, Arnold, R, Göke, B

Eur J Clin Invest 1992
Participants
Events
Participates
as an event of
Event Information
Go Biological Process
glucagon processing (0120116)
Orthologous Events
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Bos taurus)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Canis familiaris)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Danio rerio)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Gallus gallus)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Mus musculus)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Rattus norvegicus)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Sus scrofa)
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Xenopus tropicalis)
Authored
May, B  (2009-05-19)
Reviewed
Bloom, SR  (2010-06-25)
Created
May, B  (2008-11-20)
Cite Us!