Reactome | Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion

Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-2468052

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

chromosome, chromosome, centromeric region, nucleoplasm

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion

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The cohesin complex loads onto chromatin in telophase, but its association with chromatin remains transient, dynamic until the S-phase of the cell cycle, presumably because the cohesin-bound NIPBL:MAU2 (SCC2:SCC4) complex promotes chromatin loading, while cohesin-bound WAPAL promotes dissociation from chromatin. Stable binding of cohesin complexes to chromatin, measured by a mean residence time on chromatin, is triggered by DNA replication in S-phase (Gerlich et al. 2006), consistent with establishment of sister chromatid cohesion.

In S-phase, acetyltransferases ESCO1 and ESCO2 acetylate the SMC3 cohesin subunit (Hou and Zou 2005, Zhang et al. 2008, Nishiyama et al. 2010, Whelan et al. 2012). The acetylation of SMC3, in addition to DNA replication and the presence of PDS5 on cohesin, facilitates the recruitment of CDCA5 (Sororin) to cohesin complexes, an essential step in the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion in mammalian cells (Rankin et al. 2005, Nishiyama et al. 2010). CDCA5 (Sororin) displaces WAPAL from PDS5, thus preventing WAPAL to interfere with the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion (Nishiyama et al. 2010). The establishment and temporal regulation of sister chromatid cohesion is necessary for equal segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
15958495	Two human orthologues of Eco1/Ctf7 acetyltransferases are both required for proper sister-chromatid cohesion Hou, F, Zou, H	Mol. Biol. Cell	2005
22101327	Cohesin acetyltransferase Esco2 is a cell viability factor and is required for cohesion in pericentric heterochromatin Whelan, G, Kreidl, E, Wutz, G, Egner, A, Peters, JM, Eichele, G	EMBO J.	2012
15837422	Sororin, a substrate of the anaphase-promoting complex, is required for sister chromatid cohesion in vertebrates Rankin, S, Ayad, NG, Kirschner, MW	Mol. Cell	2005
18614053	Acetylation of Smc3 by Eco1 is required for S phase sister chromatid cohesion in both human and yeast Zhang, J, Shi, X, Li, Y, Kim, BJ, Jia, J, Huang, Z, Yang, T, Fu, X, Jung, SY, Wang, Y, Zhang, P, Kim, ST, Pan, X, Qin, J	Mol. Cell	2008
16890534	Live-cell imaging reveals a stable cohesin-chromatin interaction after but not before DNA replication Gerlich, D, Koch, B, Dupeux, F, Peters, JM, Ellenberg, J	Curr. Biol.	2006
21111234	Sororin mediates sister chromatid cohesion by antagonizing Wapl Nishiyama, T, Ladurner, R, Schmitz, J, Kreidl, E, Schleiffer, A, Bhaskara, V, Bando, M, Shirahige, K, Hyman, AA, Mechtler, K, Peters, JM	Cell	2010