Reactome | Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching

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Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching Show undefined attributes

authored	[InstanceEdit:9697308] Orlic-Milacic, Marija, 2020-08-12
catalystActivity	[CatalystActivity:9694330] RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity of SARS-CoV-2 gRNA:RTC [double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane]
category	uncertain
compartment	[Compartment:70101] cytosol [Compartment:9684675] double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane
created	[InstanceEdit:9694660] Cook, Justin, 2020-07-07
crossReference	[DatabaseIdentifier:12020746] Mondo:0100096
dbId	9694344
disease	[Disease:9683912] COVID-19
displayName	Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching
edited	[InstanceEdit:9697657] Orlic-Milacic, Marija, 2020-08-18
eventOf	[Pathway:R-HSA-9694786] Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs - Homo sapiens
followingEvent	[BlackBoxEvent:R-HSA-9694506] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 plus strand subgenomic mRNAs - Homo sapiens
inferredFrom	[BlackBoxEvent:R-HSA-9685639] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-1 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching - Homo sapiens
input	[SimpleEntity:R-ALL-6806881] NTP [cytosol] [Complex:R-COV-9694458] SARS-CoV-2 gRNA:RTC [double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane]
isChimeric	false
isInDisease	true
isInferred	true
maxDepth	1
modified	[InstanceEdit:9830342] Matthews, Lisa, 2023-03-08
name	Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching
output	[SimpleEntity:R-ALL-111294] PPi [cytosol] [Complex:R-COV-9713652] SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs:RTC [double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane]
precedingEvent	[Reaction:R-HSA-9694723] Uncoating of SARS-CoV-2 Genome - Homo sapiens [Reaction:R-HSA-9694363] Dimerisation of nucleoprotein - Homo sapiens [BlackBoxEvent:R-HSA-9694265] nsp13 helicase melts secondary structures in SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA template - Homo sapiens
regulatedBy	[PositiveRegulation:9694608] Positive regulation by 'N dimer [cytosol]'
relatedSpecies	[Species:9681683] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
releaseDate	2020-09-15
reviewStatus	[ReviewStatus:9821382] five stars
reviewed	[InstanceEdit:9699044] Acencio, Marcio Luis, 2020-09-09
schemaClass	BlackBoxEvent
species	[Species:48887] Homo sapiens
stId	R-HSA-9694344
summation	[Summation:9694319] This COVID-19 event has been created by a combination of computational inference (see https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) from SARS-CoV-1 data and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway. SARS-CoV-1 encodes eight subgenomic RNAs, mRNA2 to mRNA9. mRNA1 corresponds to the genomic RNA. The 5' and 3' ends of subgenomic RNAs are identical, in accordance with the template switch model of coronavirus RNA transcription (Snijder et al. 2003, Thiel et al. 2003, Yount et al. 2003). Therefore, consistent with this and the studies of the murine hepatitis virus (MHV), which is closely related to SARS-CoV-1, genomic positive strand RNA is first transcribed into negative sense (minus strand) subgenomic mRNAs, that subsequently serve as templates for the synthesis of positive strand subgenomic mRNAs. Negative-sense virus RNAs are present in much smaller amounts than positive-sense RNAs (Irigoyen et al. 2016). Each subgenomic RNA contains a leader transcription regulatory sequence (leader TRS) that is identical to the leader of the genome, appended via polymerase ?jumping? during negative strand synthesis to the body transcription regulatory sequence (body TRS), a short, AU-rich motif of about 10 nucleotides found upstream of each ORF that is destined to become 5' proximal in one of the subgenome-length mRNAs. The 3' and 5'UTRs may interact through RNA?RNA and/or RNA?protein plus protein?protein interactions to promote circularization of the coronavirus genome, placing the elongating minus strand in a favorable topology for leader-body joining. The host protein PABP was found to bind to the coronavirus 3' poly(A) tail and to interact with the host protein eIF-4G, a component of the three-subunit complex that binds to mRNA cap structures, which may promote the circularization of the coronavirus genome. Two viral proteins that bind to the coronavirus 5'UTR, the N protein and nsp1, may play a role in template switching. The poly(A) tail is necessary for the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis at the 3' end of genomic RNA. For review, please refer to Sawicki et al. 2007 and Yang and Leibowitz 2015.
updateTrackers	[UpdateTracker:9776236] Update Tracker - [BlackBoxEvent:9694344] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching - v77:[add_removeRegulator] [UpdateTracker:9776379] Update Tracker - [BlackBoxEvent:9694344] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching - v76:[add_removeOutput]

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(updatedInstance)	[UpdateTracker:9776236] Update Tracker - [BlackBoxEvent:9694344] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching - v77:[add_removeRegulator] [UpdateTracker:9776379] Update Tracker - [BlackBoxEvent:9694344] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching - v76:[add_removeOutput]
(hasEvent)	[Pathway:R-HSA-9694786] Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs
(precedingEvent)	[BlackBoxEvent:R-HSA-9694506] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 plus strand subgenomic mRNAs
(inferredTo)	[BlackBoxEvent:R-HSA-9685639] Synthesis of SARS-CoV-1 minus strand subgenomic mRNAs by template switching

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