Reactome | RAS GAP mutants aren't stimulated by GAPs

RAS GAP mutants aren't stimulated by GAPs

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-9651280

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

plasma membrane

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RAS GAP mutants aren't stimulated by GAPs

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RAS GAP proteins interact with RAS by inserting an arginine finger into the RAS active site to promote positioning of the catalytic Q61 residue, stimulating the low intrinsic GTPase activity by several orders of magnitude (Ahmadian et al, 2003; Ahmadian et al, 1997; reviewed in Bos et al, 2007). Many of the common mutations in RAS proteins found in cancer interfere with the ability of RAS GAPs to stimulate the intrinsic GTPase of the proteins. Mutation of the catalytic Q61 disrupts coordination of a water molecule that is required for nucleophilic attack on the gamma phosphate of GTP, while G12 and G13 mutations abrogate interactions with RAS GAP proteins that are required for proper positioning of the Q61 residue (Trahey et al, 1987; Scheidig et al, 1999; Buhrman et al, 2010; Scheffzek et al,1997).
In addition to somatic mutations in cancer, RAS is also subject to germline mutations that lead to a group of developmental disorders collectively known as RASopathies (reviewed in Rauen, 2013; Tidyman and Rauen, 2009). Like their oncogenic counterparts, these RAS mutants show defective GTP hydrolysis and constitutive signaling (Schubbert et al, 2006; Schubbert et al, 2007).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
20194776	Allosteric modulation of Ras positions Q61 for a direct role in catalysis Buhrman, G, Holzapfel, G, Fetics, S, Mattos, C	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2010
19467855	The RASopathies: developmental syndromes of Ras/MAPK pathway dysregulation Tidyman, WE, Rauen, KA	Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.	2009
16474405	Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome Schubbert, S, Zenker, M, Rowe, SL, Böll, S, Klein, C, Bollag, G, van der Burgt, I, Musante, L, Kalscheuer, V, Wehner, LE, Nguyen, H, West, B, Zhang, KY, Sistermans, E, Rauch, A, Niemeyer, CM, Shannon, K, Kratz, CP	Nat. Genet.	2006
17540168	GEFs and GAPs: critical elements in the control of small G proteins Bos, JL, Rehmann, H, Wittinghofer, A	Cell	2007
10574788	The pre-hydrolysis state of p21(ras) in complex with GTP: new insights into the role of water molecules in the GTP hydrolysis reaction of ras-like proteins Scheidig, AJ, Burmester, C, Goody, RS	Structure	1999
17875937	Biochemical and functional characterization of germ line KRAS mutations Schubbert, S, Bollag, G, Lyubynska, N, Nguyen, H, Kratz, CP, Zenker, M, Niemeyer, CM, Molven, A, Shannon, K	Mol. Cell. Biol.	2007
12787671	Structural fingerprints of the Ras-GTPase activating proteins neurofibromin and p120GAP Ahmadian, MR, Kiel, C, Stege, P, Scheffzek, K	J. Mol. Biol.	2003
2821624	A cytoplasmic protein stimulates normal N-ras p21 GTPase, but does not affect oncogenic mutants Trahey, M, McCormick, F	Science	1987
9302992	Confirmation of the arginine-finger hypothesis for the GAP-stimulated GTP-hydrolysis reaction of Ras Ahmadian, MR, Stege, P, Scheffzek, K, Wittinghofer, A	Nat. Struct. Biol.	1997
23875798	The RASopathies Rauen, KA	Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet	2013
9219684	The Ras-RasGAP complex: structural basis for GTPase activation and its loss in oncogenic Ras mutants Scheffzek, K, Ahmadian, MR, Kabsch, W, Wiesmuller, L, Lautwein, A, Schmitz, F, Wittinghofer, A	Science	1997