Metal ion assimilation from the host

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9638482
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Escherichia coli
ReviewStatus
3/5
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Metal ion assimilation from the host
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In aerobic conditions iron ions are complexed as Fe3+, while in anaerobic or acidic environments iron is encountered in its more soluble form Fe2+. Enterobacteria have developed mechanisms to collect both types of iron from the environment, and the genes involved are especially seen in pathogenic strains (Miethke & Marahiel 2007, Wilson et al. 2016, Palmer & Skaar 2016). External degradation of heme by hemolysins facilitates iron assimilation. In addition to the acquisition of free iron, enterobacteria take up and degrade heme (reviewed in Caza & Kronstadt, 2013). Other essential metal ions that are acquired from the host using distinct mechanisms are Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ (Koh et al., 2015; reviewed in Palmer & Skaar). Apart from direct import of metal ions, the main mechanism of acquisition is complexation of external ions with high-affinity siderophores and subsequent import of the respective complexes. Constitutionally expressed in E.coli are the siderophores enterobactin and hydroxamate. Pathogenic strains usually and additionally synthesize and utilize yersiniabactin, aerobactin, and/or salmochelin (reviewed in Braun & Braun, 2002; Miethke & Marahiel 2007).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
27617971 Transition Metals and Virulence in Bacteria

Palmer, LD, Skaar, EP

Annu. Rev. Genet. 2016
25824627 Metal selectivity by the virulence-associated yersiniabactin metallophore system

Koh, EI, Hung, CS, Parker, KS, Crowley, JR, Giblin, DE, Henderson, JP

Metallomics 2015
17804665 Siderophore-based iron acquisition and pathogen control

Miethke, M, Marahiel, MA

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2007
12354617 Iron transport and signaling in Escherichia coli

Braun, V, Braun, M

FEBS Lett 2002
27825668 Siderophores in Iron Metabolism: From Mechanism to Therapy Potential

Wilson, BR, Bogdan, AR, Miyazawa, M, Hashimoto, K, Tsuji, Y

Trends Mol Med 2016
24312900 Shared and distinct mechanisms of iron acquisition by bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans

Caza, M, Kronstad, JW

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013
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Event Information
Go Biological Process
iron acquisition from host (0044847)
Disease
Cross References
Mondo
Authored
Stephan, R  (2019-02-19)
Pardo, AM  (2019-03-28)
Created
Pardo, AM  (2019-03-05)
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