Reactome | HLCS biotinylates 6xMCCC1:6xMCCC2

HLCS biotinylates 6xMCCC1:6xMCCC2

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-2993799

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Biotin (Btn) acts as a coenzyme to 4 carboxylases which exist in their inactive apo forms. In the cytosol, these apo carboxylases are biotinylated to their active halo forms by the activity of biotin-protein ligase (HCLS) (Ingaramo & Beckett 2012, Hiratsuka et al. 1998, Bailey et al. 2010). HCLS is localised to the cytosol and mitochondrion so can perform this activity in either of these locations. Defects in HLCS causes holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HLCS deficiency aka biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency; MIM:253270). HLCS deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder whereby deficient HLCS activity results in reduced activity of multiple carboxylases. Symptoms include metabolic acidosis, organic aciduria, lethargy, hypotonia, convulsions and dermatitis (Suzuki et al. 2005). Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase is most likely functional as a dodecamer, composed of 6 Btn-containing alpha subunits (MCCC1) and six beta subunits (MCCC2). The exact order in which this complex is constructed is unknown.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
20153287	Holocarboxylase synthetase: correlation of protein localisation with biological function Bailey, LM, Wallace, JC, Polyak, SW	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	2010
9630604	Identification of holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) proteins in human placenta Hiratsuka, M, Sakamoto, O, Li, X, Suzuki, Y, Aoki, Y, Narisawa, K	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	1998
22123817	Selectivity in post-translational biotin addition to five human carboxylases Ingaramo, M, Beckett, D	J. Biol. Chem.	2012
16134170	Mutations in the holocarboxylase synthetase gene HLCS Suzuki, Y, Yang, X, Aoki, Y, Kure, S, Matsubara, Y	Hum. Mutat.	2005