Reactome | HIV Promoter Opening: First Transition

HIV Promoter Opening: First Transition

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-167097

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Related Species

Human immunodeficiency virus 1

Compartment

nucleoplasm

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Disease (Homo sapiens)

- Infectious disease (Homo sapiens)
  - Viral Infection Pathways (Homo sapiens)
    - HIV Infection (Homo sapiens)
      - HIV Life Cycle (Homo sapiens)
        
        Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle (Homo sapiens)
        
        Transcription of the HIV genome (Homo sapiens)
        
        HIV Promoter Opening: First Transition (Homo sapiens)

General

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After assembly of the complete RNA polymerase II-preinitiation complex, the next step is separation of the two DNA strands. This isomerization step is known as the closed-to-open complex transition and occurs prior to the initiation of mRNA synthesis. In the RNA polymerase II system this step requires the hydrolysis of ATP or dATP into Pi and ADP or dADP (in contrast to the other RNA polymerase systems) and is catalyzed by the XPB subunit of TFIIH. The region of the promoter, which becomes single-stranded , spans from –10 to +2 relative to the transcription start site.

Negative supercoiling in the promoter region probably induces transient opening events and can alleviate requirement of TFIIE, TFIIH and ATP-hydrolysis for open complex formation. ATP is also used in this step by the cdk7-subunit of TFIIH to phosphorylate the heptad repeats of the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) on serine-2

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
10024882	Reconstitution of the transcription factor TFIIH: assignment of functions for the three enzymatic subunits, XPB, XPD, and cdk7 Tirode, F, Busso, D, Coin, F, Egly, JM	Mol Cell	1999
7151173	Mechanism of RNA polymerase II--specific initiation of transcription in vitro: ATP requirement and uncapped runoff transcripts. Bunick, D, Zandomeni, R, Ackerman, S, Weinmann, R	Cell	1983
8490964	DNA topology and a minimal set of basal factors for transcription by RNA polymerase II. Parvin, JD, Sharp, PA	Cell	1993
10723029	Peeling by binding or twisting by cranking: models for promoter opening and transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Fiedler, U, Marc Timmers, HT	Bioessays	2000
8156590	Transcription factors IIE and IIH and ATP hydrolysis direct promoter clearance by RNA polymerase II. Goodrich, JA, Tjian, R	Cell	1994
1310361	Polymerase II promoter activation: closed complex formation and ATP-driven start site opening. Wang, W, Carey, M, Gralla, JD	Science	1992
9405375	Three transitions in the RNA polymerase II transcription complex during initiation. Holstege, FC, Fiedler, U, Timmers, HT	EMBO J	1998
8946909	The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Orphanides, G, Lagrange, T, Reinberg, D	Genes Dev	1997

Participants

Input

Output

Participates

as an event of

Transcription of the HIV genome (Homo sapiens)

Catalyst Activity

3'-5' DNA helicase activity of TFIIH [nucleoplasm]

Physical Entity

TFIIH [nucleoplasm] (Homo sapiens)

Activity

3'-5' DNA helicase activity (GO:0043138)

Inferred From

RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition (Homo sapiens)

Disease

Name	Identifier	Synonyms
Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease	DOID:526	HIV infection

Cross References

Mondo

0005109

Authored

Matthews, L (2005-07-27)

Rice, AP (2005-07-27)

Created

Matthews, L (2005-10-11)