Trefoil factor family (TFF) 1 and 3 are secreted in mucous e...

created [InstanceEdit:9018470] Rothfels, Karen, 2017-09-01
dbId 9018469
displayName Trefoil factor family (TFF) 1 and 3 are secreted in mucous e...
modified [InstanceEdit:9023809] Rothfels, Karen, 2017-09-28
schemaClass Summation
text Trefoil factor family (TFF) 1 and 3 are secreted in mucous epithelia and the nervous system and have been implicated in oncogenesis and metastasis (reviewed in Busch and Dünker, 2015). TFF1 and 3 are estrogen-responsive genes with ESR1-bound promoters/enhancers that are primed for ligand-dependent expression by the binding of 'pioneer' transcription factors, such as FOXA1 and GATA3 (Berry et al, 1989; Shang et al, 2000; Carroll et al, 2005; Laganière et al, 2005; Eeckhoute et al, 2006; Hurtado et al, 2011; Kong et al, 2011; Theodorou et al, 2013; reviewed in Zaret and Carroll, 2011; Augello et al, 2011; Fiorito et al, 2013; Wilson and Giguere, 2008). FOXA factors have a winged helix structure that is thought to bind to closed chromatin structures in a manner analogous to linker histones, displacing linker histones and rendering the DNA more accessible to other transcription factors (reviewed in Zaret and Carroll, 2011). FOXA binding sites tend to be enriched at enhancer elements, characterized by H3K4 mono- and dimethylation and H3K27 acetylation, active histone markers (Heintzman et al, 2009; Creyghton et al, 2010; Theodorou et al, 2013).
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