Viral Infection Pathways

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9824446
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Viral Infection Pathways
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Viral infection pathways aim to capture molecular mechanisms of human viral diseases related to viral adhesion and penetration of human host cells, viral genome replication and synthesis of viral proteins, interaction of viral proteins with the proteins of the human host, and evasion of the host's immune defense.

Viral infection pathways currently include the life cycles of SARS-CoV viruses, influenza virus, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).

Newly discovered coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). These viruses belong to the family Coronaviridae, characterized by the presence of lipid envelope and genome in the form of single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive-sense RNA.

Influenza viruses, the causative agents of flu, belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae, characterized by the presence of lipid envelope and genome in the form of single-stranded, segmented, negative-sense RNA.

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), belong to the genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae, characterized by the presence of lipid envelope and genome in the form of single-stranded, nonsegmented, linear, diploid, positive-sense RNA that produces a DNA intermediate during viral replication. Namely, retroviral RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) transcribes genomic RNA into viral DNA that integrates into host cell's DNA as a provirus.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of the causative agents of infectious mononucleosis and pneumonia, belongs to the the family of herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), characterized by their large size, presence of lipid envelope, and genome in the form of linear double-stranded DNA that encodes more than a hundred different proteins.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
33785903 The human virome: assembly, composition and host interactions

Liang, G, Bushman, FD

Nat Rev Microbiol 2021
  Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, Twenty Fifth Edition

Brooks, GF, Carroll, KC, Butel, JS, Morse, SA, Mietzner, A

  2010
33024309 Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle

Jones, JE, Le Sage, V, Lakdawala, SS

Nat Rev Microbiol 2021
34522049 Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes

DeLong, JP, Al-Sammak, MA, Al-Ameeli, ZT, Dunigan, DD, Edwards, KF, Fuhrmann, JJ, Gleghorn, JP, Li, H, Haramoto, K, Harrison, AO, Marston, MF, Moore, RM, Polson, SW, Ferrell, BD, Salsbery, ME, Schvarcz, CR, Shirazi, J, Steward, GF, Van Etten, JL, Wommack, KE

Nat Rev Microbiol 2022
Participants
Events
Participates
as an event of
Event Information
Go Biological Process
response to virus (0009615)
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
viral infectious disease DOID:934 Viral disease, virus infection, virus infection
Cross References
Mondo
Authored
Orlic-Milacic, M  (2023-01-24)
Reviewed
D'Eustachio, P  (2023-01-27)
D'Eustachio, P  (2025-11-07)
Created
Orlic-Milacic, M  (2023-01-19)
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