ETS2, activated by RAS/RAF/MAP kinase cascade, binds the promoter of p16INK4A in the CDKN2A locus (Ohtani et al. 2001). CDKN2A locus also encodes p14ARF (p19ARF in mouse), but from a different promoter and in a different reading frame. While p16INK4A and p14ARF use different exon 1, (exon 1-alpha and exon 1-beta, respectively), they share exons 2 and 3. However, because the reading frames are different, there is no amino acid sequence similarity between the two proteins (Quelle et al. 1995).
Ohtani, N, Zebedee, Z, Huot, TJ, Stinson, JA, Sugimoto, M, Ohashi, Y, Sharrocks, AD, Peters, G, Hara, E
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