Reactome | Insulin binds the insulin receptor

Insulin binds the insulin receptor

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-74716

Type

Reaction [binding]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

external side of plasma membrane

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Under normal physiological conditions blood glucose levels are kept under tight control by a series of regulated steps that ensure glucose homeostasis. Upon feeding glucose levels rise and in response to this the body secretes insulin from pancreatic beta-cells into the blood. At physiological concentrations insulin is present in the blood in its monomeric form. The insulin receptor is a tetramer, consisting of two alpha and two beta chains, which are produced by cleavage of a single translated peptide chain (Schenker & Kohanski 1991). Binding of insulin to its receptor occurs on the receptor alpha-subunits. There are two binding domains involved on the receptor (L1 and L2) and it is thought that the amino-terminus of insulin binds with L1 on one of the alpha-subunits and the carboxyterminus with L2 on the other alpha-subunit.

The binding of insulin to its receptor causes a conformational change in the alpha-subunits. This in turn produces a conformational change in the beta-subunits leading to the activation of the intrinsic insulin receptor tyrosine kinase.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
8276779	The insulin signaling system. White, MF, Kahn, CR	J Biol Chem	1994
11737239	Surfing the insulin signaling web. Van Obberghen, E, Baron, V, Delahaye, L, Emanuelli, B, Filippa, N, Giorgetti-Peraldi, S, Lebrun, P, Mothe-Satney, I, Peraldi, P, Rocchi, S, Sawka-Verhelle, D, Tartare-Deckert, S, Giudicelli, J	Eur J Clin Invest	2001
7781591	Insulin action and the insulin signaling network. Cheatham, B, Kahn, CR	Endocr Rev	1995