Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-6802952
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
Expand all
General
SVG | 
PNG
Low
Medium
High
 | PPTX  | SBGN
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions
Click the image above or here to open this pathway in the Pathway Browser
In addition to the more prevalent point mutations, BRAF and RAF1 are also subject to activation as a result of translocation events that yield truncated or fusion products (Jones et al, 2008; Cin et al, 2011; Palanisamy et al, 2010; Ciampi et al, 2005; Stransky et al, 2014; Hutchinson et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2012; Ricarte-Filho et al, 2013; reviewed in Lavoie and Therrien et al, 2015). In general these events put the C-terminal kinase domain of BRAF or RAF1 downstream of an N-terminal sequence provided by a partner protein. This removes the N-terminal region of the RAF protein, relieving the autoinhibition imposed by this region of the protein. In addition, some but not all of the fusion partner proteins have been shown to contain coiled-coil or other dimerization domains. Taken together, the fusion proteins are thought to dimerize constitutively and activate downstream signaling (Jones et al, 2008; Lee et al, 2012; Hutchinson et al, 2013; Ciampi et al, 2005; Cin et al, 2011; Stransky et al, 2014).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
23583981 Whole-genome sequencing identifies genetic alterations in pediatric low-grade gliomas

Zhang, J, Wu, G, Miller, CP, Tatevossian, RG, Dalton, JD, Tang, B, Orisme, W, Punchihewa, C, Parker, M, Qaddoumi, I, Boop, FA, Lu, C, Kandoth, C, Ding, L, Lee, R, Huether, R, Chen, X, Hedlund, E, Nagahawatte, P, Rusch, M, Boggs, K, Cheng, J, Becksfort, J, Ma, J, Song, G, Li, Y, Wei, L, Wang, J, Shurtleff, S, Easton, J, Zhao, D, Fulton, RS, Fulton, LL, Dooling, DJ, Vadodaria, B, Mulder, HL, Tang, C, Ochoa, K, Mullighan, CG, Gajjar, A, Kriwacki, R, Sheer, D, Gilbertson, RJ, Mardis, ER, Wilson, RK, Downing, JR, Baker, SJ, Ellison, DW

Nat. Genet. 2013
22745804 A novel SND1-BRAF fusion confers resistance to c-Met inhibitor PF-04217903 in GTL16 cells through [corrected] MAPK activation

Lee, NV, Lira, ME, Pavlicek, A, Ye, J, Buckman, D, Bagrodia, S, Srinivasa, SP, Zhao, Y, Aparicio, S, Rejto, PA, Christensen, JG, Ching, KA

PLoS ONE 2012
25204415 The landscape of kinase fusions in cancer

Stransky, N, Cerami, E, Schalm, S, Kim, JL, Lengauer, C

Nat Commun 2014
24135138 Identification of kinase fusion oncogenes in post-Chernobyl radiation-induced thyroid cancers

Ricarte-Filho, JC, Li, S, Garcia-Rendueles, ME, Montero-Conde, C, Voza, F, Knauf, JA, Heguy, A, Viale, A, Bogdanova, T, Thomas, GA, Mason, CE, Fagin, JA

J. Clin. Invest. 2013
18974108 Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas

Jones, DT, Kocialkowski, S, Liu, L, Pearson, DM, Bäcklund, LM, Ichimura, K, Collins, VP

Cancer Res. 2008
20526349 Rearrangements of the RAF kinase pathway in prostate cancer, gastric cancer and melanoma

Palanisamy, N, Ateeq, B, Kalyana-Sundaram, S, Pflueger, D, Ramnarayanan, K, Shankar, S, Han, B, Cao, Q, Cao, X, Suleman, K, Kumar-Sinha, C, Dhanasekaran, SM, Chen, YB, Esgueva, R, Banerjee, S, Lafargue, CJ, Siddiqui, J, Demichelis, F, Moeller, P, Bismar, TA, Kuefer, R, Fullen, DR, Johnson, TM, Greenson, JK, Giordano, TJ, Tan, P, Tomlins, SA, Varambally, S, Rubin, MA, Maher, CA, Chinnaiyan, AM

Nat. Med. 2010
21424530 Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma

Cin, H, Meyer, C, Herr, R, Janzarik, WG, Lambert, S, Jones, DT, Jacob, K, Benner, A, Witt, H, Remke, M, Bender, S, Falkenstein, F, Van Anh, TN, Olbrich, H, von Deimling, A, Pekrun, A, Kulozik, AE, Gnekow, A, Scheurlen, W, Witt, O, Omran, H, Jabado, N, Collins, VP, Brummer, T, Marschalek, R, Lichter, P, Korshunov, A, Pfister, SM

Acta Neuropathol. 2011
25907612 Regulation of RAF protein kinases in ERK signalling

Lavoie, H, Therrien, M

Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2015
15630448 Oncogenic AKAP9-BRAF fusion is a novel mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in thyroid cancer

Ciampi, R, Knauf, JA, Kerler, R, Gandhi, M, Zhu, Z, Nikiforova, MN, Rabes, HM, Fagin, JA, Nikiforov, YE

J. Clin. Invest. 2005
24345920 BRAF fusions define a distinct molecular subset of melanomas with potential sensitivity to MEK inhibition

Hutchinson, KE, Lipson, D, Stephens, PJ, Otto, G, Lehmann, BD, Lyle, PL, Vnencak-Jones, CL, Ross, JS, Pietenpol, JA, Sosman, JA, Puzanov, I, Miller, VA, Pao, W

Clin. Cancer Res. 2013
Participants
Events
Participates
as an event of
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
cancer DOID:162 malignant tumor, malignant neoplasm, primary cancer
Cross References
Mondo
BioModels Database
Authored
Rothfels, K  (2015-08-10)
Reviewed
Stephens, RM  (2016-08-05)
Created
Rothfels, K  (2015-10-02)
Cite Us!