In the nucleus, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), bounds to epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP5), is transferred to the heterodimeric complex of retinoic acid receptor alpha RXRA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD). When bound to PPARD, atRA can significantly increase the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism via its induction of PPARD (Wolf 2010, Amengual et al. 2012, Noy 2013).
Amengual, J, Ribot, J, Bonet, ML, Petrov, P, Palou, A
Wolf, G
Noy, N
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