STATs can form dimers in the unphosphorylated state but only phosphorylated dimers are in the correct conformation to to bind consensus DNA sequences of target genes in the nucleus (Riech & Liu 2006).
Vinkemeier, U, Chen, X, Darnell JE, Jr, Jeruzalmi, D, Zhao, Y, Kuriyan, J
Darnell JE, Jr, Zhong, Z, Wen, Z
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