UniProt:P33778 H2BC3

chain
  • initiator methionine:1
  • chain:2-126
checksum D2D6B95A9A344EF7
comment
  • FUNCTION Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.SUBUNIT The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.INTERACTION Monoubiquitination at Lys-35 (H2BK34Ub) by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination at Lys-121 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. H2BK120Ub also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing: deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons.PTM Phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph) by AMPK in response to stress promotes transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-15 (H2BS14ph) by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis; which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation (PubMed:12757711). Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination.PTM GlcNAcylation at Ser-113 promotes monoubiquitination of Lys-121. It fluctuates in response to extracellular glucose, and associates with transcribed genes (By similarity).PTM ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 or PARP2 on Ser-7 (H2BS6ADPr) in response to DNA damage (PubMed:34874266). H2BS6ADPr promotes recruitment of CHD1L (PubMed:34874266). Mono-ADP-ribosylated on Glu-3 (H2BE2ADPr) by PARP3 in response to single-strand breaks (PubMed:27530147). Poly ADP-ribosylation on Glu-36 (H2BE35ADPr) by PARP1 regulates adipogenesis: it inhibits phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph), thereby blocking expression of pro-adipogenetic genes (By similarity).PTM Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.PTM Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.SIMILARITY Belongs to the histone H2B family.
crossReference
databaseName UniProt
dbId 56176
description
  • recommendedName: Histone H2B type 1-B alternativeName: fullName evidence="29"H2B-clustered histone 3 alternativeName: Histone H2B.1 alternativeName: Histone H2B.f shortName: H2B/f
displayName UniProt:P33778 H2BC3
geneName
  • H2BC3
  • H2BFF
  • HIST1H2BB
identifier P33778
isSequenceChanged false
keyword
  • 3D-structure
  • Acetylation
  • ADP-ribosylation
  • Chromosome
  • DNA-binding
  • Glycoprotein
  • Hydroxylation
  • Isopeptide bond
  • Methylation
  • Nucleosome core
  • Nucleus
  • Phosphoprotein
  • Reference proteome
  • Ubl conjugation
modified [InstanceEdit:9983091] Weiser, Joel, 2026-02-20
moleculeType Protein
name
  • H2BC3
otherIdentifier
  • 11738961_at
  • 11738962_x_at
  • 17016369
  • 208547_PM_at
  • 208547_at
  • 2946226
  • 2946227
  • 3018
  • 8124394
  • A_23_P111054
  • GE82583
  • GO:0000781
  • GO:0000786
  • GO:0003677
  • GO:0005198
  • GO:0005515
  • GO:0005634
  • GO:0005654
  • GO:0005694
  • GO:0005829
  • GO:0006325
  • GO:0006334
  • GO:0030527
  • GO:0046982
  • GO:0065003
  • HMNXSV003019557
  • ILMN_1750180
  • PH_hs_0029507
  • TC06001344.hg
  • g10800139_3p_at
  • g10800139_3p_x_at
physicalEntity
referenceDatabase [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene
referenceTranscript
schemaClass ReferenceGeneProduct
secondaryIdentifier
  • H2B1B_HUMAN
  • Q4KN36
sequenceLength 126
species [Species:48887] Homo sapiens
stId uniprot:P33778
url http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P33778
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