FUNCTION Key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis which catalyzes the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoids, and ubiquinones. FPP also serves as substrate for protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. Catalyzes the sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with the allylic pyrophosphates, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to the ultimate product farnesyl pyrophosphate.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY isopentenyl diphosphate + dimethylallyl diphosphate = (2E)-geranyl diphosphate + diphosphateCATALYTIC ACTIVITY isopentenyl diphosphate + (2E)-geranyl diphosphate = (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphateCOFACTOR Binds 2 Mg(2+) ions per subunit.ACTIVITY REGULATION Inactivated by interferon-induced RSAD2. This inactivation may result of disruption of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, and thus have an antiviral effect since many enveloped viruses need lipid rafts to bud efficiently out of the cell.PATHWAY Isoprenoid biosynthesis; farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis; farnesyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.PATHWAY Isoprenoid biosynthesis; geranyl diphosphate biosynthesis; geranyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.SUBUNIT Homodimer. Interacts with RSAD2.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HTLV-1 protein p13(II).INTERACTION The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.SIMILARITY Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.SEQUENCE CAUTION Extended N-terminus.
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