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FUNCTION Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to hepatocyte growth factor/HGF ligand. Regulates many physiological processes including proliferation, scattering, morphogenesis and survival. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MET on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with the PI3-kinase subunit PIK3R1, PLCG1, SRC, GRB2, STAT3 or the adapter GAB1. Recruitment of these downstream effectors by MET leads to the activation of several signaling cascades including the RAS-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, or PLCgamma-PKC. The RAS-ERK activation is associated with the morphogenetic effects while PI3K/AKT coordinates prosurvival effects. During embryonic development, MET signaling plays a role in gastrulation, development and migration of neuronal precursors, angiogenesis and kidney formation. During skeletal muscle development, it is crucial for the migration of muscle progenitor cells and for the proliferation of secondary myoblasts (By similarity). In adults, participates in wound healing as well as organ regeneration and tissue remodeling. Also promotes differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. May regulate cortical bone osteogenesis (By similarity).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Listeria monocytogenes internalin InlB, mediating entry of the pathogen into cells.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)ACTIVITY REGULATION In its inactive state, the C-terminal tail interacts with the catalytic domain and inhibits the kinase activity. Upon ligand binding, the C-terminal tail is displaced and becomes phosphorylated, thus increasing the kinase activity.SUBUNIT Heterodimer made of an alpha chain (50 kDa) and a beta chain (145 kDa) which are disulfide linked. Binds PLXNB1. Interacts when phosphorylated with downstream effectors including STAT3, PIK3R1, SRC, PCLG1, GRB2 and GAB1. Interacts with SPSB1, SPSB2 and SPSB4 (By similarity). Interacts with INPP5D/SHIP1. When phosphorylated at Tyr-1356, interacts with INPPL1/SHIP2. Interacts with RANBP9 and RANBP10, as well as SPSB1, SPSB2, SPSB3 and SPSB4. SPSB1 binding occurs in the presence and in the absence of HGF, however HGF treatment has a positive effect on this interaction. Interacts with MUC20; prevents interaction with GRB2 and suppresses hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell proliferation. Interacts with GRB10. Interacts with PTPN1 and PTPN2. Interacts with LECT2; this interaction may have an antagonistic effect on receptor activation (PubMed:27334921). Interacts with HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1; the interaction suppresses MET kinase activity (PubMed:26517842). Interacts with tensin TNS3 (PubMed:24814316). Interacts (when phosphorylated) with tensin TNS4 (via SH2 domain); the interaction increases MET protein stability by inhibiting MET endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation (PubMed:24814316).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts via extracytoplasmic residues 25-656 with L.monocytogenes InlB; MET can bind HGF, its endogenous ligand, and InlB simultaneously (PubMed:11081636, PubMed:17662939). InlB probably dimerizes upon binding to MET, which encourages subsequent dimerization of MET (Probable).INTERACTION Additional soluble isoforms seem to exist.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in normal hepatocytes as well as in epithelial cells lining the stomach, the small and the large intestine. Found also in basal keratinocytes of esophagus and skin. High levels are found in liver, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid and kidney. Also present in the brain. Expressed in metaphyseal bone (at protein level) (PubMed:26637977).DOMAIN The kinase domain is involved in SPSB1 binding.DOMAIN The beta-propeller Sema domain mediates binding to HGF.PTM Autophosphorylated in response to ligand binding on Tyr-1234 and Tyr-1235 in the kinase domain leading to further phosphorylation of Tyr-1349 and Tyr-1356 in the C-terminal multifunctional docking site. Dephosphorylated by PTPRJ at Tyr-1349 and Tyr-1365. Dephosphorylated by PTPN1 and PTPN2.PTM Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination by CBL regulates MET endocytosis, resulting in decreasing plasma membrane receptor abundance, and in endosomal degradation and/or recycling of internalized receptors.PTM O-mannosylation of IPT/TIG domains by TMEM260 is required for protein maturation (PubMed:37186866). O-mannosylated residues are composed of single mannose glycans that are not elongated or modified (PubMed:37186866).PTM (Microbial infection) Tyrosine phosphorylation is stimulated by L.monocytogenes InlB. Tyrosine phosphorylation is maximal 10-20 minutes after treatment with InlB and disappears by 60 minutes. The phosphorylated residues were not identified.DISEASE Activation of MET after rearrangement with the TPR gene produces an oncogenic protein.DISEASE Defects in MET may be associated with gastric cancer.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE A common allele in the promoter region of the MET shows genetic association with susceptibility to autism in some families. Functional assays indicate a decrease in MET promoter activity and altered binding of specific transcription factor complexes.DISEASE MET activating mutations may be involved in the development of a highly malignant, metastatic syndrome known as cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) or primary occult malignancy. Systemic neoplastic spread is generally a late event in cancer progression. However, in some instances, distant dissemination arises at a very early stage, so that metastases reach clinical relevance before primary lesions. Sometimes, the primary lesions cannot be identified in spite of the progresses in the diagnosis of malignancies.DISEASE The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.DISEASE Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease-associated variants identified in 4 families cause the deletion of exon 14. This results in the exclusion of an ubiquitination target site within the cytoplasmic domain, hence in protein stabilization. The persistent presence of MET at the cell surface in conditions of ligand-dependent activation retards osteoblastic differentiation.DISEASE The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.ONLINE INFORMATION C-MET entry
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