UniProt:P05214 Tuba3a

chain
  • chain:1-450
  • chain:1-449
checksum 2A78714CBA782D55
comment
  • FUNCTION Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.CATALYTIC ACTIVITY GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate + H(+)COFACTOR Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells. Component of sperm flagellar doublet microtubules (PubMed:37295417, PubMed:37989994).SUBCELLULAR LOCATION Alpha-3 and alpha-7 are identical but coded by two different genes, they are testis-specific.DOMAIN The MREC motif may be critical for tubulin autoregulation.PTM Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglycylated, resulting in polyglycine chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Glycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering polyglycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. Cilia and flagella glycylation is required for their stability and maintenance. Flagella glycylation controls sperm motility (PubMed:33414192).PTM Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group (PubMed:15890843). Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold (By similarity). Glutamylation is also involved in cilia motility (PubMed:23897886).PTM Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with increased microtubule stability, intracellular transport and ciliary assembly.PTM Methylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is found in mitotic microtubules and is required for normal mitosis and cytokinesis contributing to genomic stability.PTM Nitration of Tyr-450 is irreversible and interferes with normal dynein intracellular distribution.PTM Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP1, VASH1 or VASH2) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively.PTM Tyrosination promotes microtubule interaction with CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins such as CLIP1, CLIP2 and DCTN1 (PubMed:16954346, PubMed:19564401). Tyrosination regulates the initiation of dynein-dynactin motility via interaction with DCTN1, which brings the dynein-dynactin complex into contact with microtubules. In neurons, tyrosinated tubulins mediate the initiation of retrograde vesicle transport (By similarity).PTM Detyrosination is involved in metaphase plate congression by guiding chromosomes during mitosis: detyrosination promotes interaction with CENPE, promoting pole-proximal transport of chromosomes toward the equator (By similarity). Detyrosination increases microtubules-dependent mechanotransduction in dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscle (PubMed:26446751). In cardiomyocytes, detyrosinated microtubules are required to resist to contractile compression during contraction: detyrosination promotes association with desmin (DES) at force-generating sarcomeres, leading to buckled microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction (PubMed:27102488).SIMILARITY Belongs to the tubulin family.
crossReference
databaseName UniProt
dbId 103045
description
  • recommendedName: Tubulin alpha-3 chain ecNumber evidence="2"3.6.5.- alternativeName: Alpha-tubulin 3/7 alternativeName: Alpha-tubulin isotype M-alpha-3/7 alternativeName: Tubulin alpha-3/alpha-7 chain component recommendedName: Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain /component
displayName UniProt:P05214 Tuba3a
geneName
  • Tuba3a
  • Tuba3
  • Tuba3b
  • Tuba7
identifier P05214
isSequenceChanged false
keyword
  • 3D-structure
  • Acetylation
  • Cell projection
  • Cilium
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Direct protein sequencing
  • Flagellum
  • GTP-binding
  • Hydrolase
  • Magnesium
  • Metal-binding
  • Methylation
  • Microtubule
  • Nitration
  • Nucleotide-binding
  • Phosphoprotein
  • Reference proteome
modified [InstanceEdit:9939033] Weiser, Joel, 2025-02-21
moleculeType Protein
name
  • Tuba3a
otherIdentifier
  • 10542727
  • 10547995
  • 1416311_s_at
  • 1448296_x_at
  • 160420_r_at
  • 17464263
  • 17471087
  • 22144
  • 22147
  • 4346793
  • 4476244
  • 4520628
  • 4625294
  • 4672808
  • 4747664
  • 4866262
  • 4965900
  • 5004582
  • 5149055
  • 5273089
  • 5310340
  • 5389556
  • 5447549
  • 5470085
  • 5528996
  • 93924_f_at
  • A_51_P145402
  • A_51_P145404
  • A_55_P1979126
  • A_55_P2007991
  • A_55_P2015375
  • A_55_P2912968
  • GE1535637
  • GO:0000166
  • GO:0000226
  • GO:0000278
  • GO:0003674
  • GO:0005198
  • GO:0005200
  • GO:0005525
  • GO:0005737
  • GO:0005815
  • GO:0005856
  • GO:0005874
  • GO:0005929
  • GO:0007010
  • GO:0007017
  • GO:0007018
  • GO:0016787
  • GO:0022414
  • GO:0030317
  • GO:0031514
  • GO:0036064
  • GO:0036098
  • GO:0036126
  • GO:0042995
  • GO:0043226
  • GO:0046872
  • GO:0048870
  • ILMN_1220219
  • ILMN_2417813
  • ILMN_2467287
  • ILMN_2491565
  • ILMN_2505467
  • M13442_f_at
  • Msa.1258.0_f_at
  • Msa.37742.0_f_at
  • mMC001850
  • mMC023178
  • mMR028702
  • mMR029962
physicalEntity
referenceDatabase [ReferenceDatabase:2] UniProt
referenceGene
referenceTranscript
schemaClass ReferenceGeneProduct
secondaryIdentifier
  • TBA3_MOUSE
sequenceLength 450
species [Species:48892] Mus musculus
stId uniprot:P05214
url http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05214
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