Activated factor XIIa and plasma kallikrein coordinate infla...
| created | [InstanceEdit:9946104] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2025-04-21 |
| dbId | 9946103 |
| displayName | Activated factor XIIa and plasma kallikrein coordinate infla... |
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| modified | [InstanceEdit:9983508] Shamovsky, Veronica, 2026-02-24 |
| schemaClass | Summation |
| text | Activated factor XIIa and plasma kallikrein coordinate inflammatory signaling pathways, complement activation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis (reviewed by Renne T et al., 2012; Maas C & Renne T, 2018; Schmaier AH, 2016). This system is tightly regulated by several proteins, including plasma protease C1 inhibitor (C1INH, encoded by the SERPING1 gene), alpha-2-macroglobulin (encoded by the A2M gene), and heparin-binding glycoprotein (HRG), which prevent overactivation of contact activation system and plasma kallikrein-kinin system and protect against pathological thrombotic and inflammatory conditions (Pixley RA et al., 1985; Harpel PC et al., 1985; MacQuarrie JL et al., 2011). C1INH and alpha-2-macroglobulin are the major plasma protease inhibitors of plasma kallikrein accounting for 42 and 48% inhibition, respectively (Schapira M et al., 1981), although their relative contributions vary among studies (Schapira M et al., 1981; Harpel et al., 1985). C1INH (SERPING1) is the predominant inhibitor of FXIIa, accounting for 92% plasma FXIIa inhibition (Pixley RA et al., 1985). |
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