On target cells ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1) first bind their specific ligand binding component, CNTF alpha-receptor (CNTFR) subunit and induce STAT3 phosphorylation (Elson et al. 2000, Lelievre et al. 2001). CNTFR then recruits glycoprotein (gp)130, and finally complexes with leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) beta (Stahl & Yancopoulos 1994).
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