SMAD7 binds to phosphorylated TGFBR1 (TGF-beta receptor I), thereby recruiting SMURF1 (Ebisawa et al. 2001), SMURF2 (Kavsak et al. 2000) or NEDD4L (Kuratomi et al. 2005) ubiquitin ligases to the activated TGF-beta receptor complex. This is based on experiments in which recombinant mouse Smad7 was used together with recombinant human ubiquitin ligases and TGF-beta receptors.
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