The long-lasting Leishmania infection is established within macrophages in which the most effective killing response is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). (Rossi and Fasel 2018). Additionally, autophagy has been described as an innate immune mechanism for eliminating intracellular pathogens, although its role in restricting Leishmania replication is unclear (Veras et al. 2019)
Rossi, M, Fasel, N
Frank, B, de Oliveira Almeida Petersen, AL, Weber, H, Scholz, CJ, Stigloher, C, Mottram, JC, Schurigt, U, Marcu, A
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