Reactome | ADRB2 in ADRB2:GRK complex is phosphorylated

ADRB2 in ADRB2:GRK complex is phosphorylated

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-8851797

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

plasma membrane, cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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ADRB2 in ADRB2:GRK complex is phosphorylated

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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (ADRBK1, GRK2, beta-ARK), ADRBK2 (GRK3, beta-ARK2), GRK5 and GRK6 can phosphorylate activated beta-adrenergic receptors (Benovic et al. 1986a, Richardson et al. 1993, Menard et al. 1996, Violin et al. 2006). GRK2, GRK5 and GRK6 phosphorylate the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in the carboxy-terminal tail region (Premont et al. 1994, 1995, Violin et al. 2006). GRK2 and GRK6 are thought to be the predominant GRKs that mediate ADRB2 desensitization (Violin et al. 2006), phosphorylating distinct serine residues (Nobles et al. 2011). GRK phosphorylation follwed by arrestin binding and internalization is the classical model for GPCR desensitization. Many GPCRs have been demonstrated to require phosphorylation before they can bind arrestin, but other receptors do not appear to require phosphorylation in order to bind arrestin (see refs included in Gurevich & Gurevich 2006). In these receptors, spatially close acidic amino acids are thought to provide sites that can bind the arrestin phosphate sensing region. In GPCRs that require phosphorylation, the region most commonly involved in arrestin binding is the C-terminus, but many GPCRs have phosphorylation sites in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop, while in some cases phosphorylation sites are found in the first (i1) or second (i2) cytoplasmic loops (Gurevich & Gurevich 2006).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
8514797	Phosphorylation and desensitization of human m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors by two isoforms of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase Richardson, RM, Kim, C, Benovic, JL, Hosey, MM	J. Biol. Chem.	1993
2871555	Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase: identification of a novel protein kinase that phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the receptor Benovic, JL, Strasser, RH, Caron, MG, Lefkowitz, RJ	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1986
16687412	G-protein-coupled receptor kinase specificity for beta-arrestin recruitment to the beta2-adrenergic receptor revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer Violin, JD, Ren, XR, Lefkowitz, RJ	J. Biol. Chem.	2006
8672451	Members of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family that phosphorylate the beta2-adrenergic receptor facilitate sequestration Ménard, L, Ferguson, SS, Barak, LS, Bertrand, L, Premont, RT, Colapietro, AM, Lefkowitz, RJ, Caron, MG	Biochemistry	1996