Exocytosis of azurophil granule lumen proteins

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-6798751
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Azurophil or primary granules were originally defined by their high content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and their affinity for the basic dye azure A (Spicer & Hardin 1969). Azurophil granules are generally described as spherical. Like lysosomes, they contain CD63 in their membrane (Cham et al. 1994) but are regarded as specialized secretory granules rather than lysosomes (Cieutat et al. 1998). Azurophil granules undergo limited exocytosis in response to stimulation (Sengelov et al. 1993, Faurschou et al. 2002), their primary role is believed to be killing and degradation of engulfed microbes in the phagolysosome (Joiner et al. 1989). MPO reacts with H2O2 formed by NADPH oxidase, increasing its toxicity by formation of hypochlorous acid and other chlorination products, tyrosine radicals and reactive nitrogen intermediates which attack the surface of microbes (Klebanoff et al. 2013).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
8692836 Targeting of proteins to granule subsets is determined by timing and not by sorting: The specific granule protein NGAL is localized to azurophil granules when expressed in HL-60 cells

Le Cabec, V, Borregaard, N, Calafat, J, Cowland, JB

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996
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