Activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways to induce cell survival or cell death (Ward C et al. 1999; Micheau O and Tschopp J 2003; Widera D et al. 2006). While pro-survival signaling is initiated and regulated via the activated TNFR1 receptor complex at the cell membrane, cell death signals are induced upon the release of TRADD:TRAF2:RIP1 complex from the membrane to the cytosol where it forms death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) (Micheau O and Tschopp J 2003; Schneider-Brachert W et al. 2004). Upon apoptotic stimulation procaspase-8 or 10 is recruited into the DISC, and close proximity promotes the dimerization, autocatalytic processing, and activation of the initiator caspase-8 (and/or caspase-10) (Wang J et al. 2001; Boatright KM and Salvesen GS 2003). The initiator caspases then process and activate the downstream effector caspases such as caspase-3 in a proteolytic cascade (Stennicke HR et al. 1998). The effector caspases in turn cleave many diverse substrates, ultimately inducing cell death.
Kerr, JF
Conroy, H, Martin, SJ, Creagh, EM
Micheau, O, Tschopp, J
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