Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-3371599
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency
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Defects in HLCS causes holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HLCS deficiency aka early onset multiple carboxylase deficiency; MIM:253270). HLCS deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder whereby deficient HLCS activity results in reduced activity of all five biotin-dependent carboxylases. Symptoms include metabolic acidosis, organic aciduria, lethargy, hypotonia, convulsions and dermatitis (Suzuki et al. 2005). Patients can present symptoms shortly after birth to up to early childhood and will be prescribed oral biotin supplements, typically 10-20 mg daily. Two classes of HLCS deficiency have been reported depending on whether patients respond to biotin therapy. Most patients respond favourably to treatment and show complete reversal of biochemical and clinical symptoms (Morrone et al. 2002, Dupuis et al. 1999). Here mutations in the HLCS active site cause a reduced affinity for biotin that can be overcome by pharmacological doses of the vitamin (Pendini et al. 2008). Patients who display incomplete responsiveness to biotin therapy have a poor long-term prognosis (Bailey et al. 2008). Here mutations that reside outside of the enzyme's active site have no effect on biotin binding but do compromise the protein-protein interaction between the HLCS and its substrates, resulting in reduced biotinylation of all five carboxylases thus reducing their enzymatic activity (Mayende et al. 2012).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
18429047 Reduced half-life of holocarboxylase synthetase from patients with severe multiple carboxylase deficiency

Jitrapakdee, S, Wilson, CJ, Bailey, LM, Wallace, JC, Polyak, SW, Ivanov, RA

Hum. Mutat. 2008
21894551 A novel molecular mechanism to explain biotin-unresponsive holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency

Mayende, L, Booker, GW, Bailey, LM, Wallace, JC, Swift, RD, Polyak, SW, Soares da Costa, TP

J. Mol. Med. 2012
16134170 Mutations in the holocarboxylase synthetase gene HLCS

Suzuki, Y, Aoki, Y, Kure, S, Yang, X, Matsubara, Y

Hum. Mutat. 2005
18442489 Microbial biotin protein ligases aid in understanding holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency

Pendini, NR, Booker, GW, Bailey, LM, Wallace, JC, Polyak, SW, Wilce, MC

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008
12124727 Clinical findings and biochemical and molecular analysis of four patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency

Pela, I, Boneh, A, Zammarchi, E, Morrone, A, Funghini, S, Pasquini, E, Donati, MA, Ciani, F, Peters, H, Malvagia, S

Am. J. Med. Genet. 2002
10068510 Mechanism of biotin responsiveness in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency

Gravel, RA, Leclerc, D, Campeau, E, Dupuis, L

Mol. Genet. Metab. 1999
Participants
Events
Participates
as an event of
Disease
Authored
Jassal, B  (2013-05-13)
Reviewed
Polyak, SW  (2013-08-15)
Created
Jassal, B  (2013-05-13)
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