New and Updated Pathways. In version V59, topics with new or revised pathways include: Disease (Listeria monocytogenes entry into host cells), Hemostasis (Cell surface interaction at the vascular wall), Immune System (Butyrophilins, Interleukin 10 signalling, and Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling), Metabolism (Nicotinate metabolism, Synthesis of PIPs at the nuclear envelope, Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling), Metabolism of proteins (E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins, Peptide-ligand binding receptors, Protein methylation, RAB geranylgeranylation), Signal transduction (Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), and Vesicle-mediated transport (TBC RABGAPs).

Thanks to our Contributors. Our external reviewers are Jorge Azevedo, Ester Boix, Lu Deng, Pål Falnes, Vardan Karamyan, Samuel Leibovich, Weei-Chin Lin, Charuta Palsuledesai, Joel Pomerantz, Walter Reith, Sylvie Ricard-Blum, Christian Schwerk, Bruce Spiegelman, and Xiaochun Yu.

Annotation Statistics. Reactome comprises 10,391 human reactions organized into 2,080 pathways involving 10,624 proteins encoded by 10,381 different human genes, and 1,735 small molecules. These annotations are supported by 25,449 literature references. We have projected these reactions onto 115,881 orthologous proteins, creating 20,164 orthologous pathways in 18 non-human species. Version 59 has annotations for 1,496 protein variants (mutated proteins) and their post-translationally modified forms, derived from 285 proteins. These have been used to annotate 506 disease-specific complexes and 897 disease-specific reactions organized into 447 pathways and subpathways, and tagged with 294 Disease Ontology terms.

About the Reactome Project. Reactome is a collaboration between groups at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, New York University Medical Center, and The European Bioinformatics Institute. Reactome data and software are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A full description of the new and updated content is available on the Reactome website.

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