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FUNCTION E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2 (PubMed:26347139, PubMed:16297862, PubMed:16316627, PubMed:16472766, PubMed:16880511, PubMed:18022694, PubMed:18361920, PubMed:18641315, PubMed:18845142, PubMed:19675099). Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination (PubMed:16880511, PubMed:19675099). Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes (PubMed:16880511). A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:16880511). Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling (PubMed:19675099). Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by catalyzing polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3 (PubMed:18641315). Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway (PubMed:18022694). Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression (PubMed:16880511). Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2 (PubMed:18361920). Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules (PubMed:1985094, PubMed:8666824). At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO/SSA proteins have been identified (PubMed:8666824). The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2 (PubMed:8666824). Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:26347139). Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1/BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy (PubMed:26347139). Regulates also autophagy through FIP200/RB1CC1 ubiquitination and subsequent decreased protein stability (PubMed:36359729). Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI (PubMed:26342464). During viral infection, promotes cell pyroptosis by mediating 'Lys-6'-linked ubiquitination of ISG12a/IFI27, facilitating its translocation into the mitochondria and subsequent CASP3 activation (PubMed:36426955). When up-regulated through the IFN/JAK/STAT signaling pathway, promotes 'Lys-27'-linked ubiquitination of MAVS, leading to the recruitment of TBK1 and up-regulation of innate immunity (PubMed:29743353). Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of G3BP1 in response to heat shock, leading to stress granule disassembly (PubMed:36692217).CATALYTIC ACTIVITY S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N(6)-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]-L-lysine.PATHWAY Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.SUBUNIT Homotrimer (PubMed:17156811) (PubMed:26347139). Interacts (via C-terminus) with IRF8 (via C-terminus) (By similarity). Component of a SCF(SKP2)-like complex containing CUL1, SKP1, TRIM21 and SKP2. Interacts with CALR, CUL1, FBXW11, HSPA5, IKBKB, IRF3, SKP1 and VCP. Interacts with SKP2; the interaction with SKP2 does not depend on an intact F-box domain. Interacts (via N-terminus and C-terminus) with DCP2 (via N-terminus and C-terminus). Interacts with ULK1, BECN1 and with ATG8 family members, including GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and MAP1LC3C/LC3C. Interacts with TRIM21 and SQSTM1/sequestosome 1. Interacts with IRF3 (PubMed:26347139, PubMed:12699405, PubMed:16880511, PubMed:17156811, PubMed:18022694, PubMed:18361920, PubMed:18641315, PubMed:19675099, PubMed:8666824) (By similarity). Interacts (via the SPRY domain) with NMI (via coiled-coil domain); the interaction promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI (PubMed:26342464). Interacts with IFI35 and NMI; the interaction facilitates NMI-IFI35 complex formation (PubMed:26342464).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts (via B30.2/SPRY domain) with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) NSs; this interaction activates NFE2L2-mediated transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes.INTERACTION Enters the nucleus upon exposure to nitric oxide (PubMed:18361920). Localizes to small dot- or rod-like structures in the cytoplasm, called processing bodies (P-bodies) that are located underneath the plasma membrane and also diffusely in the cytoplasm (PubMed:18361920). They are located along the microtubules and are highly motile in cells (PubMed:18361920). Colocalizes with DCP2 in P-bodies (PubMed:18361920). Localizes to stress granules in response to oxidative stress (PubMed:36692217).ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed in fetal and adult heart and fetal lung.INDUCTION Up-regulated by isoform 2 of XBP1. Up-regulated by IFNG/interferon-gamma, with a peak after 2-4 hours of treatment in monocytes/macrophages.DOMAIN The coiled-coil is necessary for the cytoplasmic localization.DOMAIN The RING-type zinc finger is necessary for ubiquitination and for the IRF3-driven interferon beta promoter activity. Interacts with SKP2 and CUL1 in a RING finger-independent manner (PubMed:18845142). The RING-type zinc finger is necessary for ubiquitination of NMI (PubMed:26342464).DOMAIN The B30.2/SPRY domain is necessary for the cytoplasmic localization, the interaction with IRF3 and for the IRF3-driven interferon beta promoter activity (PubMed:18845142). The B30.2/SPRY domain is necessary for the interaction with NMI (PubMed:26342464).PTM Autoubiquitinated; does not lead to its proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinated by USP4; leading to its stabilization.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.
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