Atf4 mRNA is translated to yield Atf4 protein, which then transits to the nucleus (Harding et al. 2000, Lu et al. 2004, Vattem and Wek 2004, Dey et al. 2010). Phosphorylation of Eif2s1 (eIF2-alpha) causes increased translation of Atf4 mRNA (Harding et al. 2000, Lu et al. 2004, Vattem and Wek 2004, Dey et al. 2010, Zhang et al. 2018, Zhang et al. 2019). The mRNA of Atf4 contains 2 upstream ORFs (uORFs) (Vattem and Wek 2004). The second uORF overlaps the ORF encoding ATF4 and thus prevents translation of Atf4. When Eif2s1 (eIF2-alpha) is phosphorylated, translation of the uORFs is suppressed and translation of the ORF encoding Atf4 is increased (Harding et al. 2000, Lu et al. 2004, Vattem and Wek 2004, Dey et al. 2010, Zhang et al. 2018, Zhang et al. 2019).
Kaufman, RJ, Macias-Garcia, A, Paltrinieri, E, Zhang, S, Velazquez, J, Chen, JJ
Wek, RC, Vattem, KM
Ron, D, Lu, PD, Harding, HP
Macias-Garcia, A, Zhang, S, Butty, VL, Levine, SS, Sankaran, VG, Velazquez, J, Ulirsch, JC, Chen, JJ
Zhou, D, Dey, S, Wek, RC, Palam, LR, Baird, TD, Spandau, DF
Zhang, Y, Harding, HP, Schapira, M, Wek, R, Zeng, H, Ron, D, Novoa, I
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