POLRMT polymerizes R-loop RNA

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9915448
Type
Reaction [uncertain]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
mitochondrial matrix
ReviewStatus
5/5
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POLRMT polymerizes R-loop RNA
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POLRMT, the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, initiates transcription at the light strand promoter (LSP) and polymerizes an RNA of about 120 nucleotides, terminating in the G-rich region of conserved sequence block 2 (CSB2) (Xu and Clayton 1996, Kang et al. 1997, Pham et al. 2006, Wanrooij et al. 2010, also observed in mice in Chang et al. 1985, Kühl et al. 2016). The RNA forms a stable quadruplex structure that creates an R-loop (Xu and Clayton 1996, Wanrooij et al. 2012, and inferred from budding yeast in Xu and Clayton 1995). The transcription elongation factor TEFM increases processivity of POLRMT and switches transcription from primer generation to full-length transcription of the mitochondrial genome, thereby regulating the relative amounts of replication and gene expression (Agaronyan et al. 2015). The transcription factor TFB2M may also be required for primer synthesis, as knockout of TFB2M causes complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (Inatomi et al. 2022).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
8670814 RNA-DNA hybrid formation at the human mitochondrial heavy-strand origin ceases at replication start sites: an implication for RNA-DNA hybrids serving as primers

Xu, B, Clayton, DA

EMBO J 1996
9182553 In vivo determination of replication origins of human mitochondrial DNA by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction

Kang, D, Miyako, K, Kai, Y, Irie, T, Takeshige, K

J Biol Chem 1997
16790426 Conserved sequence box II directs transcription termination and primer formation in mitochondria

Pham, XH, Farge, G, Shi, Y, Gaspari, M, Gustafsson, CM, Falkenberg, M

J Biol Chem 2006
20798345 G-quadruplex structures in RNA stimulate mitochondrial transcription termination and primer formation

Wanrooij, PH, Uhler, JP, Simonsson, T, Falkenberg, M, Gustafsson, CM

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010
22965135 A hybrid G-quadruplex structure formed between RNA and DNA explains the extraordinary stability of the mitochondrial R-loop

Wanrooij, PH, Uhler, JP, Shi, Y, Westerlund, F, Falkenberg, M, Gustafsson, CM

Nucleic Acids Res 2012
25635099 Mitochondrial biology. Replication-transcription switch in human mitochondria

Agaronyan, K, Morozov, YI, Anikin, M, Temiakov, D

Science 2015
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DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity of POLRMT:mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial matrix]

Physical Entity
POLRMT:mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial matrix] (Homo sapiens)
Activity
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity (GO:0003899)
Authored
May, B  (2024-07-07)
Reviewed
Wu, CC  (2024-10-27)
Created
May, B  (2024-07-07)
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