The 10 subgenomic mRNAs of human respiratory syncytial virus A (hRSV A) are translated into 11 proteins. Except for the M2 mRNA, each mRNA encodes one distinct protein. The two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of the M2 mRNA encode proteins M2-1 and M2-2. The M2-1 product of the M2 gene is a transcription processivity factor, while the M2-2 product of the M2 gene is a nonstructural protein that regulates the switch between transcription and genome replication. The N mRNA encodes the nucleoprotein, which forms decameric and hendecameric rings around which viral genomic RNA is packaged. The L and P mRNAs encode the large polymerase subunit and the phosphoprotein polymerase cofactor subunit, respectively, of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRP). The SH, G, and F mRNAs encode three proteins that are embedded in the viral envelope: small hydrophobic protein, attachment protein, and fusion protein, respectively. The secreted isoform of G protein (sG), involved in mediation of immune evasion, and the truncated form of SH (SHt), are translated from G mRNA and SH mRNA, respectively, through the usage of an alternative start codon. The NS1 and NS2 genes encode nonstructural proteins that function together to inhibit apoptosis and interferon response in infected cells. For review, please refer to Battles and McLellan 2019.