Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and entry

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9820960
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Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
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5/5
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and entry
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The entry of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) into host cells involves attachment of the virion to the host cell surface, through interaction of viral envelope proteins with host cell attachment factors, and fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane. The G glycoprotein is the attachment protein that interacts with surface molecules of the host cells, enabling the RSV virions to bind to their target cells. While the F glycoprotein may facilitate attachment, its primary function is to promote fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. The SH protein is dispensable for entry. For review, please refer to Battles and McLellan 2019.

Using human primary airway epithelial cell cultures, it was established that RSV efficiently infects the airway epithelium from the luminal surface and specifically targets ciliated airway epithelial cells. In the absence of immune response, RSV causes no obvious cytopathology (Zhang et al. 2002).

In addition to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells, RSV may infect granulocytes and cause a delay in constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils (Lindemans et al. 2006). RSV can also infect neonatal-specific regulatory B cells, which may contribute to high viral load and disease severity in infants (Zhivaki et al. 2017).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
16622022 Respiratory syncytial virus inhibits granulocyte apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism

Lindemans, CA, Coffer, PJ, Schellens, IM, de Graaff, PM, Kimpen, JL, Koenderman, L

J Immunol 2006
11991994 Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology

Zhang, L, Peeples, ME, Boucher, RC, Collins, PL, Pickles, RJ

J Virol 2002
30723301 Respiratory syncytial virus entry and how to block it

Battles, MB, McLellan, JS

Nat Rev Microbiol 2019
28228284 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Regulatory B Cells in Human Neonates via Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 and Promotes Lung Disease Severity

Zhivaki, D, Lemoine, S, Lim, A, Morva, A, Vidalain, PO, Schandene, L, Casartelli, N, Rameix-Welti, MA, Hervé, PL, Dériaud, E, Beitz, B, Ripaux-Lefevre, M, Miatello, J, Lemercier, B, Lorin, V, Descamps, D, Fix, J, Eléouët, JF, Riffault, S, Schwartz, O, Porcheray, F, Mascart, F, Mouquet, H, Zhang, X, Tissières, P, Lo-Man, R

Immunity 2017
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response to virus (0009615)
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Authored
Orlic-Milacic, M  (2023-05-28)
Stephan, R  (2023-09-27)
Shamovsky, V  (2023-05-24)
Reviewed
Bergeron, HC  (2023-11-03)
Created
Orlic-Milacic, M  (2022-11-22)
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