Transit-amplifying cell of basal layer differentiates into keratinocyte of spinosum layer in interfollicular epidermis

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9727354
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
Tissue
skin epidermis (UBERON:0001003)
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Keratinocytes of the basal layer of skin epidermis are also known as transit amplifying (TA) cells due to their ability to undergo several (3-5) cell divisions before committing to terminal differentiation (Jones and Watt 1993). Division of transit amplifying cells is stimulated by EGF. As transit amplifying cells do not express the negative regulator of EGFR signaling LRIG1, they are much more responsive to EGF mediated mitogenic stimulation than the keratinocyte stem cell of the interfollicular epidermis (Jensen and Watt 2006).

TA cells of the basal layer of interfollicular epidermis differentiate into keratinocytes of the spinosum layer. The movement toward the outer epidermal surface of committed TA cells into the spinous layer requires reorganization of cell matrix and cell-cell junctions (reviewed in Zijl et al. 2022). High levels of TGF-beta ligands and retinoids inhibit expression of KRT1 and KRT10, markers of keratinocytes of the spinosum layer. High levels of Ca2+ do not induce KRT1 and KRT10 expression, but a narrow range of raising Ca2+ concentrations can induce KRT1 and KRT10 expression in mouse epidermal cells (Dlugosz and Yuspa 1993; reviewed in Fuchs 1990)

Protein markers of transit amplifying cells of the basal layer are summarized in the "Table of markers of transit amplifying cells in interfollicular epidermis". Some of the markers, in particular AQP3 and LGLAS7, are described in more detail in the section "Keratinocyte stem cell differentiates into transit amplifying cell in the basal layer of interfollicular epidermis".


Table of markers of transit amplifying cells in interfollicular epidermis. Please note that keratinocytes in CellMarker database and PanglaoDB correspond to transit amplifying cells in Reactome.
Marker (protein/RNA)Literature ReferenceCellMarker database – RNA/Protein (Hu et al. 2022)PanglaoDB – RNA (Franzén et al. 2019)
AQP3 (protein)Sugiyama et al. 2001
Ma et al. 2002
Sougrat et al. 2002
NoYes
ITGA6 (protein)Tani et al. 2000
Webb et al. 2004
YesNo
KRT5 (protein)Bernerd, Magnaldo, and Darmon 1992
Ishida Yamamoto et al. 1991
Guenou et al. 2009
Sanz Gómez, Freije, and Gandarillas 2020
Langbein et al. 2016
YesYes
KRT14 (protein)Ishida Yamamoto et al. 1991
Guenou et al. 2009
Porter et al. 2000
Sanz Gómez, Freije, and Gandarillas 2020
Langbein et al. 2016
YesYes
KRT15 (protein)Porter et al. 2000NoYes
KRT78 (protein)Langbein et al. 2016NoNo
LGALS7 (protein)Magnaldo et al. 1995
Umayahara et al. 2020
NoYes
TFRC (protein)Tani et al. 2000
Webb et al. 2004
YesNo
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
36300619 CellMarker 2.0: an updated database of manually curated cell markers in human/mouse and web tools based on scRNA-seq data

Jiang, W, Li, T, Wang, P, Li, F, Zhang, X, Chen, J, Li, X, Xu, Y, Ou, Q, Hu, C, Zhang, Y, Bai, J, Yang, K

Nucleic Acids Res 2022
11092530 K15 expression implies lateral differentiation within stratified epithelial basal cells

Ogden, PH, McLean, WH, Evans, A, Lunny, DP, Harrison, DL, Morley, SM, Lane, EB, Rugg, EL, Porter, RM

Lab Invest 2000
11005869 Enrichment for murine keratinocyte stem cells based on cell surface phenotype

Morris, RJ, Tani, H, Kaur, P

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000
1721080 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (Dowling-Meara type) is a genetic disease characterized by an abnormal keratin-filament network involving keratins K5 and K14

Chapman, SJ, Lane, EB, Leigh, IM, McGrath, JA, Ishida-Yamamoto, A, Eady, RA

J Invest Dermatol 1991
15606498 Location and phenotype of human adult keratinocyte stem cells of the skin

Li, A, Kaur, P, Webb, A

Differentiation 2004
7678013 Coordinate changes in gene expression which mark the spinous to granular cell transition in epidermis are regulated by protein kinase C

Dlugosz, AA, Yuspa, SH

J Cell Biol 1993
30951143 PanglaoDB: a web server for exploration of mouse and human single-cell RNA sequencing data

Franzén, O, Gan, LM, Björkegren, JLM

Database (Oxford) 2019
19932355 Human embryonic stem-cell derivatives for full reconstruction of the pluristratified epidermis: a preclinical study

Lemaitre, G, Del Rio, M, Saidani, M, Guenou, H, Baldeschi, C, Peschanski, M, Larcher, F, Waksman, G, Bernard, FX, Feteira, J, Nissan, X, Barrault, CC

Lancet 2009
35817501 Dynamic regulation of human epidermal differentiation by adhesive and mechanical forces

Watt, FM, Salameti, V, Louis, B, Negri, VA, Zijl, S

Curr Top Dev Biol 2022
31123997 Keratinocyte Differentiation by Flow Cytometry

Sanz-Gómez, N, Gandarillas, A, Freije, A

Methods Mol Biol 2020
1375620 Delayed onset of epidermal differentiation in psoriasis

Bernerd, F, Magnaldo, T, Darmon, M

J Invest Dermatol 1992
2269655 Epidermal differentiation: the bare essentials

Fuchs, E

J Cell Biol 1990
16877544 Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence

Watt, FM, Jensen, KB

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006
26340985 Localisation of keratin K78 in the basal layer and first suprabasal layers of stratified epithelia completes expression catalogue of type II keratins and provides new insights into sequential keratin expression

Parry, DA, Schweizer, J, Kittstein, W, Langbein, L, Praetzel-Wunder, S, Eckhart, L, Fischer, H, Rogers, MA

Cell Tissue Res 2016
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