Endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Virion

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9697423
Type
Reaction [dissociation]
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Compartment
endocytic vesicle lumen
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Virion
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This COVID-19 pathway has been created by a combination of computational inference from SARS-CoV-1 data (https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway.

Based on SARS-CoV-1 experiments, SARS-CoV-2 virions attached to the host cell surface via a complex involving viral spike (S) protein and host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are inferred to undergo endocytosis. In the case of SARS-CoV-1, studies with pseudoviruses have established that S protein is necessary and sufficient for mediating viral attachment and entry. Inhibition of this SARS-CoV-1 S protein-mediated transduction by two different classes of lysosomotropic agents in multiple cell lines strongly suggests that acidification of endosomes is needed for viral entry (Hofmann et al. 2004; Simmons et al. 2004; Yang et al. 2004). The roles of S protein in viral binding to the host cell membrane and fusion of viral and host cell membranes and thus the central role of S protein in determining the host range and tissue tropisms of the virus are reviewed by Belouzard et al. (2012).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
15163706 S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus mediates entry into hepatoma cell lines and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies in infected patients

Hofmann, H, Hattermann, K, Marzi, A, Gramberg, T, Geier, M, Krumbiegel, M, Kuate, S, Uberla, K, Niedrig, M, Pöhlmann, S

J. Virol. 2004
15140961 pH-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through DC-SIGN

Yang, ZY, Huang, Y, Ganesh, L, Leung, K, Kong, WP, Schwartz, O, Subbarao, K, Nabel, GJ

J. Virol. 2004
22816037 Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein

Belouzard, S, Millet, JK, Licitra, BN, Whittaker, GR

Viruses 2012
15010527 Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry

Simmons, G, Reeves, JD, Rennekamp, AJ, Amberg, SM, Piefer, AJ, Bates, P

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004
Participants
Input
Output
Participates
as an event of
Inferred From
Endocytois of SARS-CoV-1 Virion (Homo sapiens)
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
COVID-19 DOID:0080600 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus infection, 2019-nCoV infection, Wuhan coronavirus infection
Cross References
Mondo
Authored
Gillespie, ME  (2020-09-09)
Reviewed
Acencio, ML  (2020-09-09)
Created
Gillespie, ME  (2020-08-14)
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