nsp3 and nsp4 alone caused considerable ER membrane deformation, producing a perinuclear double-walled maze-like body (MLB), and the nsp3–nsp4 interaction was shown to be absolutely necessary for such membrane rearrangement. Further necessary factors are nsp6 and unidentified host factors (Angelini et al 2013, Sakai et al 2017). nsp6 by itself can form Atg5 and LC3II-positive vesicles classically observed in autophagy (Cottam et al, 2014). However, in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infections, EDEM1 and OS9 of the ER-associated degradation system have been shown to be necessary co-factors (Reggiori et al, 2010).
Neuman, BW, Buchmeier, MJ, Akhlaghpour, M, Angelini, MM
Omori, H, Kawachi, K, Sakai, Y, Kamitani, W, Terada, Y, Matsuura, Y
Whelband, MC, Wileman, T, Cottam, EM
Molinari, M, de Haan, CA, Monastyrska, I, Calì, T, Verheije, MH, Bianchi, S, Ulasli, M, Bernasconi, R, Reggiori, F
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