Based on studies in mice, FOXO1 and the p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex bind the promoter of the MSTN gene, encoding myostatin (Allen and Unterman 2007). FOXO3 and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, also known as GR) were reported to bind MSTN promoter in porcine cells (Jia et al. 2016).
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