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Immediate Early (IE) Gene Expression
Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9621073
Type
Reaction [uncertain]
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Human cytomegalovirus
Compartment
nucleoplasm
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
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Disease (Homo sapiens)
Infectious disease (Homo sapiens)
Viral Infection Pathways (Homo sapiens)
HCMV Infection (Homo sapiens)
HCMV Early Events (Homo sapiens)
Immediate Early (IE) Gene Expression (Homo sapiens)
General
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Once the HCMV genome is delivered to the nucleus, IE gene expression ensues. RNA pol II transcription machinery transcribes IE as well as all other protein-coding and noncoding RNAs made from the HCMV genome. Regulation of viral gene expression occurs via two broad strategies: (1) viral as well as cellular factors that directly influence the transcription machinery by binding to promoter/enhancer elements directly (transcription factors) or through interactions with other proteins (adaptors) (2) viral factors that alter chromatin remodeling by regulating the opposing activities of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) acting together with demethylases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) and methylases. HDAC-dependent repression of viral IE gene expression, in particular, is a cell-intrinsic host defense mechanism that must be defused before productive replication can ensue. Epigenetic regulation is important in permissive cells, even though the viral genome does not take on a recognizable chromatin structure, and also during latency, where viral genomes take on an organized chromatin arrangement and viral HDAC inhibitors can drive reactivation.
Literature References
PubMed ID
Title
Journal
Year
Fields Virology
Knipe, DM
,
Howley, PM
2013
Participants
Input
Transcriptionally Active HCMV Genome [nucleoplasm]
(Homo sapiens)
Output
IRS1 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
TRS1 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
UL123 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
UL36 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
UL37 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
US3 [cytosol]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
Participates
as an event of
HCMV Early Events (Homo sapiens)
Event Information
Go Biological Process
viral transcription (0019083)
This event is regulated
Positively by
Regulator
CREB1 [nucleoplasm]
(Homo sapiens)
Regulator
UL122 [nucleoplasm]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
Regulator
NFKB1(1-433) [nucleoplasm]
(Homo sapiens)
Regulator
UL123 [nucleoplasm]
(Human cytomegalovirus)
Disease
Name
Identifier
Synonyms
disease by infectious agent
DOID:0050117
infectious disease
Reviewed
Streblow, DN (2019-10-18)
Caposio, P (2019-10-18)
Created
Gillespie, ME (2018-09-26)
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