Two signals are required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Signal 1, also known as the priming signal, is mediated by microbial ligands recognised by TLRs or cytokines such as TNF-α which activate the NF-κB pathway, leading to upregulation of pro-IL-1β and NLRP3 protein levels (Bauernfeind et al. 2009, Jo et al. 2016).
Jo, EK, Kim, JK, Shin, DM, Sasakawa, C
Bauernfeind, FG, Horvath, G, Stutz, A, Alnemri, ES, MacDonald, K, Speert, D, Fernandes-Alnemri, T, Wu, J, Monks, BG, Fitzgerald, KA, Hornung, V, Latz, E
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