Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) and autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) conjugate negatively regulates the type I IFN production pathway by directly associating with DDX58/IFIH1 and MAVS through the caspase recruitment domains (CARDs). The ATG5-ATG12 conjugate intercalates between the CARDs of DDX58/IFIH1 and MAVS and inhibits signal transmission, resulting in suppression of type I IFN production and innate antiviral immune responses.
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