Heme is utilised as a prosthetic group in the production of hemoproteins inside cells. However, when intracellular heme accumulation occurs, heme is able to exert its pro-oxidant and cytotoxic action. The amount of free heme must be tightly controlled to maintain cellular homeostasis and avoid pathological conditions (Chiabrando et al. 2014). The tetrameric efflux pump ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) (Xu et al. 2004) can relieve cells from toxic heme concentrations even against a concentration gradient. It is expressed in placenta, liver, and small intestine (Krishnamurthy et al. 2004, Doyle & Ross 2003, Zhang et al. 2003).
Liu, Y, Xu, J, Bates, S, Zhang, JT, Yang, Y
Stanimirovic, DB, Zhang, H, Mojsilovic-Petrovic, J, Andrade, MF, Ball, M, Zhang, W
Zhou, S, Sarkadi, B, Ross, DD, Sorrentino, BP, Nakanishi, T, Bailey-Dell, K, Krishnamurthy, P, Schuetz, JD, Mercer, KE
Ross, DD, Doyle, LA
ABC-type heme transporter activity of ABCG2 tetramer [plasma membrane]
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