In tissues other than the duodenum, ceruloplasmin (CP), in complex with SLC40A1 and 6 copper ions, oxidises ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) after it is exported from the cell (Sato et al. 1990).
Sato, M, Morell, AG, Stockert, RJ, Schilsky, ML, Sternlieb, I
ferroxidase activity of SLC40A1:CP:6Cu2+ [plasma membrane]
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