NR1H2,3 binds the ABCG8 gene

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9029555
Type
Reaction [binding]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
nucleoplasm
Synonyms
LXR binds the ABCG8 gene
ReviewStatus
5/5
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NR1H2,3 binds the ABCG8 gene
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Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα or NR1H3) is regarded as the major regulator of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 mRNA expression. The synthetic agonist T0901317 of NR1H2, 3 markedly upregulated ABCG5 and ABCG8 expression in the small intestine and liver of wild type, but not NR1H3-knockout mice (Repa JJ et al. 2002; van der Veen et al. 2007). The human ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes, each with 13 exons, are located next to each other in a head-to-head configuration on chromosome 2p21 (Remaley AT et al. 2002). Their start codons are separated by a 374-bp intergenic region, which is highly conserved among several species. Using a reporter construct, the intergenic region was found to act as a bidirectional promoter and to harbor binding sites for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1) and GATA transcription factors (Remaley AT et al. 2002; Sumi K et al. 2007; Freeman LA et al. 2004). Through elaborate deletion studies, two regions containing putative LXR responsive elements (LXRE) were identified in ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes (Back SS et al. 2013). Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and cell reporter assays demonstrated the binding of NR1H3 (and RXR) to two intronic regions of the human ABCG8 gene to confer LXR-mediated regulation of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes in human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells (Back SS et al. 2013).

In mammalian cells, ABCG5 and ABCG8 form heterodimers that limit absorption of dietary sterols in the intestine and promote cholesterol elimination from the body through hepatobiliary secretion (Berge KE et al. 2000; Graf GA et al. 2002, 2003; reviewed by Yu XH et al. 2014). Consistent with these functions, ABCG5 and ABCG8 are expressed almost exclusively on the brush border membranes of enterocytes and in the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes (Yu XH et al. 2014). ABCG5 and ABCG8 mutations are responsible for sitosterolemia, a genetic disorder in which patients accumulate cholesterol and plant sterols in the circulation and are at increased risk for developing premature cardiovascular disease (Berge KE et al. 2000; Lee MH et al. 2001).

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
12150943 Comparative genome analysis of potential regulatory elements in the ABCG5-ABCG8 gene cluster

Dean, M, Joyce, C, Shulenin, S, Annilo, T, Brewer, HB, Bark, S, Santamarina-Fojo, S, Freeman, L, Rhodes, HE, Remaley, AT, Elgin, E, Walts, AD

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002
23790976 Cooperative transcriptional activation of ATP-binding cassette sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes by nuclear receptors including Liver-X-Receptor

Choi, SY, Lee, ES, Han, K, Back, SS, Choi, D, Kim, J

BMB Rep 2013
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Authored
Shamovsky, V  (2018-01-19)
Reviewed
D'Eustachio, P  (2018-12-29)
Repa, JJ  (2019-08-09)
Cummins, CL  (2019-08-09)
Created
Shamovsky, V  (2017-11-21)
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