Reactome | PCSK1 cleaves proinsulin to yield Insulin(25-56) and Insulin(57-110)

PCSK1 cleaves proinsulin to yield Insulin(25-56) and Insulin(57-110)

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-9023196

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

secretory granule lumen

ReviewStatus

5/5

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PCSK1 cleaves proinsulin to yield Insulin(25-56) and Insulin(57-110)

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PCSK1 cleaves C-terminal to arginine-56 in proinsulin to yield the B chain (plus two C-terminal arginine residues) and a peptide containing the C-peptide and the A chain ( Jackson et al. 2003, Jackson et al. 1997 and inferred from rat Pcsk1). The reaction occurs in immature secretory granules (Orci et al. 1985).
Overall, proinsulin in proinsulin-zinc-calcium complexes is cleaved by endopeptidases PCSK1 (Prohormone Convertase 1/3) and PCSK2 (Prohormone Convertase 2). The exopeptidase CPE (Carboxypeptidase E, also called Carboxypeptidase H) removes 2 amino acids from the carboxyl termini of the resulting B chain (INS 25-56) and C-peptide (INS 57-87). In the major pathway of processing PCSK1 cleaves between the B chain and the C-peptide, CPE removes two arginine residues from the C-terminus of the B chain, PCSK2 cleaves between the C-peptide and the A chain (INS 90-110), and CPE removes an arginine residue and a lysine residue from the C-terminus of the C-peptide. Unlike the proinsulin-zinc calcium complex, the insulin-zinc-calcium complex is not soluble and forms crystals inside the secretory granules.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
14617756	Small-intestinal dysfunction accompanies the complex endocrinopathy of human proprotein convertase 1 deficiency Jackson, RS, Creemers, JW, Farooqi, IS, Raffin-Sanson, ML, Varro, A, Dockray, GJ, Holst, JJ, Brubaker, PL, Corvol, P, Polonsky, KS, Ostrega, D, Becker, KL, Bertagna, X, Hutton, JC, White, A, Dattani, MT, Hussain, K, Middleton, SJ, Nicole, TM, Milla, PJ, Lindley, KJ, O'Rahilly, S	J Clin Invest	2003
3896518	Direct identification of prohormone conversion site in insulin-secreting cells Orci, L, Ravazzola, M, Amherdt, M, Madsen, O, Vassalli, JD, Perrelet, A	Cell	1985
9207799	Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene Jackson, RS, Creemers, JW, Ohagi, S, Raffin-Sanson, ML, Sanders, L, Montague, CT, Hutton, JC, O'Rahilly, S	Nat Genet	1997