Reactome | ESR dimerizes

ESR dimerizes

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-8939201

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Upon ligand binding, estrogen receptors form homo- or heterodimers mediated by dimerization domains in the DNA-binding and ligand-binding regions (White et al, 1991; Schwabe et al, 1993; Kuntz et al, 1997; Kumar and Chambon, 1998; Powell et al, 2010). Estrogen receptor dimers regulate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes either by direct binding to estrogen response elements (characterized by a palindromic consensus sequence AGGTCA separated by a 3bp spacer) or by interacting with other DNA binding transcriptional regulators (reviewed in Smith and Toft, 2008; Bai and Gust, 2009; Ikeda et al 2015; Liu and Cheung, 2014). Binding of estrogen receptors to the DNA promotes the assembly of higher order transcriptional complexes containing methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases and other transcriptional activators, which promote transcription by establishing active chromatin marks and by recruiting general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. ESR1- and estrogen-dependent recruitment of up to hundreds of coregulators has been demonstrated by varied co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic approaches (Kittler et al, 2013; Mohammed et al, 2013; Foulds et al, 2013; Mohammed et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2014; reviewed in Magnani and Lupien, 2014; Arnal, 2017).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
25303530	Enhancer activation requires trans-recruitment of a mega transcription factor complex Li, W, Friedman, MJ, Krones, A, Yang, F, Rosenfeld, MG, Song, X, Oh, S, Ma, Q, Liu, Z, Merkurjev, D, Zhang, F, Ohgi, KA	Cell	2014
24071518	Estrogen receptor-mediated long-range chromatin interactions and transcription in breast cancer Liu, MH, Cheung, E	Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.	2014
26153859	Progesterone receptor modulates ERα action in breast cancer Tarulli, GA, Hadfield, J, Birrell, SN, Perou, CM, Hickey, TE, Serandour, AA, Launchbury, R, Pugh, M, Silva, G, Russell, IA, Bruna, A, Stingl, J, Caldas, C, Raj, GV, D'Santos, C, Saadi, A, Mohammed, H, Rueda, OM, Serandour, AA, Robinson, JL, Tilley, WD, Brown, GD, Stark, R, Menon, S, Carroll, JS	Nature	2015
23403292	Endogenous purification reveals GREB1 as a key estrogen receptor regulatory factor Ross-Innes, CS, D'Santos, C, Saadi, A, Palmieri, C, Mohammed, H, Atkins, A, Rueda, OM, Chin, SF, Serandour, AA, Holmes, KA, Ali, HR, Robinson, JL, Zwart, W, Stingl, J, Caldas, C, Brown, GD, Menon, S, Carroll, JS, Theodorou, V	Cell Rep	2013
23375374	A comprehensive nuclear receptor network for breast cancer cells Hua, S, Cheng, C, Zhou, J, White, KP, Pendleton, E, Ma, L, Gerstein, M, Liu, Y, Kittler, R	Cell Rep	2013
25500870	Identification of estrogen-responsive genes based on the DNA binding properties of estrogen receptors using high-throughput sequencing technology Ikeda, K, Horie-Inoue, K, Inoue, S	Acta Pharmacol. Sin.	2015
18451092	Minireview: the intersection of steroid receptors with molecular chaperones: observations and questions Toft, DO, Smith, DF	Mol. Endocrinol.	2008
23684889	Chromatin and epigenetic determinants of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) signaling Magnani, L, Lupien, M	Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.	2014
3167974	The estrogen receptor binds tightly to its responsive element as a ligand-induced homodimer Chambon, P, Kumar, V	Cell	1988
8221895	The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements Schwabe, JW, Rhodes, D, Finch, JT, Chapman, L	Cell	1993
1720327	Analysis of oestrogen receptor dimerisation using chimeric proteins Fawell, SE, Parker, MG, White, R	J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.	1991
23850489	Proteomic analysis of coregulators bound to ERα on DNA and nucleosomes reveals coregulator dynamics Tsai, SY, Malovannaya, A, Tsai, MJ, Feng, Q, Qin, J, Gates, LA, O'Malley, BW, Bailey, S, Bajaj, A, Foulds, CE, Callaway, CG, Edwards, DP, Hunsaker, TL, Hamilton, RA, Zhang, Z, Lonard, DM, Chan, D, Ding, C, Li, C	Mol. Cell	2013
19274700	Breast cancer, estrogen receptor and ligands Bai, Z, Gust, R	Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim)	2009
9346945	Dimerizing the estrogen receptor DNA binding domain enhances binding to estrogen response elements Kuntz, MA, Shapiro, DJ	J. Biol. Chem.	1997
20353944	Differential requirements of Hsp90 and DNA for the formation of estrogen receptor homodimers and heterodimers Xu, W, Shapiro, DJ, Powell, E, Wang, Y	J. Biol. Chem.	2010