Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB, ACC2) (Kim et al. 2007) catalyses the reaction of bicarbonate, ATP, and acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, ADP, and orthophosphate. The reaction is positively regulated by citrate. ACACB uses biotin (Btn) and two Mn2+ ions per subunit as cofactors and its activity is increased by polymerization (Kim et al. 2010, Ingaramo & Beckett 2012). ACACB is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation through the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 by its product malonyl-CoA (Abu-Elheiga et al. 2000).Mid1-interacting protein 1 (MID1IP1, aka MIG12, SPOT14R, S14R) plays a role in the regulation of lipogenesis in the liver. It is rapidly upregulated by processes that induce lipogenesis (enhanced glucose metabolism, thyroid hormone administration) (Tsatsos et al. 2008). MID1IP1 forms a heterodimer with thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein (THRSP, aka SPOT14, S14), proposed to play the same role in lipogenesis as MID1IP1 (Aipoalani et al. 2010). This complex can polymerize acetyl-CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 (ACACA and B), the first committed enzymes in fatty acid (FA) synthesis. Polymerization enhances ACACA and ACACB enzyme activities (Kim et al. 2010).
Ingaramo, M, Beckett, D
Kim, CW, Cheng, D, Horton, JD, Kwon, HJ, Park, SW, Moon, YA
Mariash, CN, Mashek, DG, Aipoalani, DL, Towle, HC, O'Callaghan, BL
Hwang, IW, Makishima, Y, Niederländer, NJ, Terzic, A, Kato, T, Perales-Clemente, E, Park, S, Park, EY
Wakil, SJ, Brinkley, WR, Woldegiorgis, G, Zhong, L
Mariash, CN, Towle, HC, Anderson, GW, Augustin, LB, Tsatsos, NG
Wang, M, Zondlo, J, Yamane, H, Busby, J, Kim, KW
acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity of Btn-ACACB:2Mn2+ polymer [mitochondrial outer membrane]
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