Reactome | Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors

Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-8866907

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors

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The helix-span-helix motif and the basic region of TFAP2 (AP-2) transcription factor family members TFAP2A, TFAP2B, TFAP2C, TFAP2D and TFAP2E enable dimerization and DNA binding. AP-2 dimers bind palindromic GC-rich DNA response elements that match the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' (Williams and Tjian 1991a, Williams and Tjian 1991b). Most of the AP-2 binding sites slightly differ from the consensus, and individual AP-2 family members may differ in their binding site preferences (McPherson and Weigel 1999, Orso et al. 2010). Transcriptional co-factors from the CITED family interact with the helix-span-helix (HSH) domain of TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors and recruit transcription co-activators EP300 (p300) and CREBBP (CBP) to TFAP2-bound DNA elements. CITED2 shows the highest affinity for TFAP2 proteins, followed by CITED4, while CITED1 interacts with TFAP2s with a very low affinity. Mouse embryos defective for CITED2 exhibit neural crest defects, cardiac malformations and adrenal agenesis, which can at least in part be attributed to a defective Tfap2 transactivation (Bamforth et al. 2001, Braganca et al. 2002, Braganca et al. 2003). DNA binding and transcriptional activity of TFAP2B homodimers is increased by binding to YEATS4 (GAS41) (Ding et al. 2006).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
11744733	Human CREB-binding protein/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail (CITED) 4, a new member of the CITED family, functions as a co-activator for transcription factor AP-2 Eloranta, JJ, Swingler, T, Bhattacharya, S, Shioda, T, Hurst, HC, Bragança, J, Marques, FI, Jones, T	J. Biol. Chem.	2002
1998122	Characterization of a dimerization motif in AP-2 and its function in heterologous DNA-binding proteins Tjian, R, Williams, T	Science	1991
2010091	Analysis of the DNA-binding and activation properties of the human transcription factor AP-2 Tjian, R, Williams, T	Genes Dev.	1991
10497269	AP2alpha and AP2gamma: a comparison of binding site specificity and trans-activation of the estrogen receptor promoter and single site promoter constructs Weigel, RJ, McPherson, LA	Nucleic Acids Res.	1999
11694877	Cardiac malformations, adrenal agenesis, neural crest defects and exencephaly in mice lacking Cited2, a new Tfap2 co-activator Bamforth, SD, Bragança, J, Bhattacharya, S, Murdoch, JN, Marques, FI, Farza, H, Eloranta, JJ, Hurst, HC, Kranc, KR, Henderson, DJ	Nat. Genet.	2001
20525283	Identification of functional TFAP2A and SP1 binding sites in new TFAP2A-modulated genes Provero, P, Corà, D, Orso, F, Caselle, M, Taverna, D, Ubezio, B	BMC Genomics	2010
12586840	Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2 Eloranta, JJ, Bhattacharya, S, Hurst, HC, Ibbitt, JC, Bragança, J, Bamforth, SD	J. Biol. Chem.	2003
16698963	GAS41 interacts with transcription factor AP-2beta and stimulates AP-2beta-mediated transactivation Zhang, J, Feng, D, Fan, C, Ding, X, Zhou, J, Ren, K, Luo, C, Liu, R, Hu, X, Xiao, S, Wang, Y, Zhong, Y	Nucleic Acids Res.	2006